Paul Krugman Microcononomics 16-17

Because of rapid urbanization, people are becoming wealthier creating a lifestyle that consumes more water (Document B). Over 800 billion cubic centimeters of water are being used for Domestic, Agriculture, and Industry for people’s daily lifestyle (Document C). Agriculture uses up the most water each year, if China lowers their agricultural water use, then China could save much more water than China is right now (Document C). My evidence proves the statement of showing facts and data collected to show how much water is used by China’s residents daily and how it affects China’s water scarcity crisis and explaining how much water is used on a daily basis and how it’s reality and not just a dramatic percentage of water usage used each day in

The agriculture industry lost around 1.7 billion dollars, due to not having the proper water allocations for the fields. On the west wide of the valley, half of their 600,000 acres of farmland went fallow, because they didn’t have enough water to farm them. And about 14,500 farm workers in the Central Valley lost their jobs. Without the proper water allocations, farmers will have to continue to pump ground water at extremely high costs, which will force people out of the industry and raise the price of the products produced by the those who can stay in. The impact of the fight over water ripples far beyond those just in agriculture, it affects all of

The plaintiff argued pollution happens “whenever it's put somewhere it’s not already there or would naturally flow” (101st Congress, January 3, 1989-1990; Mr. Lehtinen).

So it’s not unlike having several straws in a glass, and everyone drinking at the same time, and no one really watching the level.” (Source 3). The farmers are always drilling the groundwater and the citizens get stuck with whatever is left. The farmers are more worried about the economy and their crops. It really isn’t fair if the farmers acquire almost all the water and the people don’t. We need water for almost everything. We can’t just be wearing dirty clothes or be smelling very repetitive everyday. If we also don’t take showers, we can receive illnesses and become really

Art Cullen, 59, is co-owner of The Storm Lake Times and received the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing that challenged big corporate agriculture businesses in a small town in Iowa. In “Wrong Assumptions”, Art Cullen claims that Gov. Terry Branstad $4.7 billion plan to promote water quality in Iowa is totally unnecessary and also believes that skimming sales taxes from school is just the government wasting valuable money that could be used for somewhere else. Cullen supports his claim that Gov. Terry Branstad plan isn’t the best option by explaining that the actually plan would actually cost “more like 15 billion when you factor in federal and private cost-shares - to clean up our nitrate problem” (Cullen). He also explain a idea in

Environmentally beneficial social rule changes occur when the public is in favor of protecting the environment, the task delegated to

Economists are often asked to prepare reports with objective analyses balancing the cost and potential damage to the water sources against economic benefits to the local and national communities. These requests for analysis can provide interesting ethical questions for those

A neighborhood group called NICE is utilizing the principles of common law-private and public nuisance and trespass- to bring attention to the problem of air, ground, and water pollution which is occurring on adjoining land to the Northfield Dairy Farm. This farmland is very expansive and requires much manure to ensure the land is kept moist and ready for the crop growth and development. The plaintiff or complainant is a man named Sam Anxious who is tired of having a horrible aroma, as he calls it, floating over his land and

Professor George Frisvold develops his argument by illustrating the facts through graphs. His use of statistics supports his point that current agricultural systems are insufficient in conserving water. Because of the current climate change, water conservation has gained importance. Frisvold presents analyses of current strategies and suggests how national level changes in order to provide the change in the government’s involvement in water conservation in agriculture. The intended audience is readers that are interested in the environment, and more specifically interested or involved in the conservation of natural resources. The issue of agriculture’s involvement in the environment has many different effects. In this precis writing process

Seventy percent of the Dead Zone pollution in the Gulf of Mexico, is from Minnesota. But, that’s because we didn’t follow the sixteen foot buffer law. If the farmers put sixteen feet between their field and waterways, Minnesota would have clearer water. Fifty foot buffers are about five times more than we need. That empty land from the buffer is where food could be planted for many families. One acre feeds a family for a year, and one acre is around the size of a football field. Imagine 120,000 football fields, filled with food but then it gets taken

In the UVA Chesapeake Bay Game, I was assigned the role of a Crop Farmer number for the the Potomac River watershed. In the Bay game, the crop farmer controls several things, including the type of farming used, the number of acres used for each purpose, and the option of buying new farm equipment ("UVA Bay Game", 2016). The types of farming used in the bay game are conventional high yield, best management practices (BMP), advanced BMP, and sustainable ("UVA Bay Game", 2016). These farming practices range from very poor for the Bay’s health to the most beneficial. Conventional high yield farming produces the largest volume of crops, however uses pesticides and fertilizer that are detrimental to the Bay’s health ("UVA Bay Game", 2016). Sustainable farming is the most beneficial for the Bay as it puts a diverse population of plants together in order to reduce runoff, however it is more costly and has a lesser crop yield than the other farming practices ("UVA Bay Game", 2016). The crop farmer also has an option to choose how many acres will be used for planting, fallow land (land reserved for the next year to maintain nutrients), and cover crops that will be used as a more natural and environmentally sound option compared to other fertilizers ("UVA Bay Game", 2016).

“You can't cross the sea merely by standing and staring at the water.” Rabindranath Tagore said this meaning that you can’t think that something can change without doing anything about it. Clean water in MInnesota is a big problem. The Clean Water Council should filter all the water resources in Minnesota that are affected by chemicals. Many people are getting sick from drinking their tap water. This is caused by farming chemicals run-off. The access to safe water in Minnesota is a problem. This is an expensive problem to fix. We are also using too many farming chemicals. Farming chemicals run-off is the main reason for this clean water crisis.

Iowa is known to having a water problem for years according to Art Cullen, a local resident and a writer for “The Salt Lake Times”. The main reason that lead towards the nitrate problem are watersheds. Which led to drainage districts being sued affirms Cullen.(1) To attempt to fix that problem Governor Terry Branstad wants to take $4.7 billion of the schools taxes to devote it to fixing the water problem.(1) According to Cullen, Branstad presented a study towards the public from “highly respected” economists from Iowa stating that while going forth with the plan will “create $692 million in economic activity and 2,800 jobs annually”. These were the same economists that made the watershed and this is one of their ways of fixing the mess. The economists have made many other inventions like bioreactors, wetland conversions, and cover crops.(1) In which Cullen agrees that they all work “until you consider the shallow lakes in Northwest Iowa are being converted to marshes” plus he says Iowa can not afford to build enough of the inventions to farm as much as the farmers want because of the cost in which is more than what Governor Branstad is taking from school taxes.(1)However, Cullen agrees otherwise,

The first and most obvious category is the farmers, as they are the ones that will be directly affected by any sort of legislation regarding agricultural runoff. This group’s interests would mostly lie in keeping their annual yield stable, as it is how they earn their living. Due to this, the farmers’ position could possibly be against the stricter law, because it has the potential to cause them to put more effort into ensuring that their fields are properly drained so as to not move fertilizers and animal waste do not flow into the water system. While this is a possibility however, as long as the law does not limit the annual yield for the farmers, and that they do not need to bear the full cost of ensuring that tainted water is not channeled into Lake Michigan, the agricultural workers may not be opposed to the law. Although there is potential for this regulation to harm their business, the farmers would most likely have a positive attitude about the regulation, as it may prevent E. coli outbreaks, preserving their image, as farmers are often blamed for these outbreaks, and because they care about the safety of those in the cities, since they may derive much of their revenue from these people. In the end, the value orientation of the farmers would be a mixture of altruism and egoism , as they will want to protect their own business and income, but also want to

Few decades ago, clean water was “commons” (Hardin, 1968) to us. It was a natural resource shared by everyone and not owned by anyone. This “commons” was taken for granted to the extent that people exploit clean water without considering its finiteness. Resorts and factories dumped wastewater and ruined nearby rivers and oceans. People carelessly littered garbage and substituted the dirty water with diminishing clean water. They definitely benefited in terms of financial cost and comfort from their negligence. However, those individual interests ended up bringing severe water pollution, attacking our collective interest of public health and well-being. In this vein, water pollution is undeniably the “Tragedy of the Commons” (Hardin, 1968). Following these dire circumstances, water purification techniques and systems have been further developed and become widespread. Yet, the technical measurements have not quite fundamentally solved the problem. What is needed at this point is people’s will and practical action to improve the environment. However, merely hoping and encouraging people to do so are not enough. In order to have a steady support from people, we need a practical device for a “mutual coercion” (Hardin, 1968) to earn consent to coercion necessary to amend the situation. In this paper, I am going to address the technical and individual effort for water pollution and its limitation, and suggest a way to complement this limitation through a device on an institutional