Paul Von Hindenburg was a renowned military and political leader for Germany; he is most notable for being a distinguished Field Marshal for the Imperial German Army during WWI, and being the second president of the Weimar republic. His military hero status was essential for his ability to garner support from the German public. His monarchistic views were highly influential in shaping the government while he was reigning as president, and as a result of his seat of presidency, he was a major determining factor in the eventual fate of the republic. Born 1847, as Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg in Prussia to an aristocrat father; Robert von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg, and his wife; Luise Schwickart, …show more content…
During and after the war, Hindenburg was seen as a national hero, and was considered to have embodied all of the positive characteristics of the collective German people. While the appeal of Hindenburg was present throughout all social classes, religions, and political view points, it was the German right-wing political groups which idolised Hindenburg the most; seeing him as a portrayal of classic Prussian ethics, and Lutheran and Junker values. Despite this support for Hindenburg personally at the home front, support for the war itself was dwindling, and after General Ludendorf's failed spring offensive, the situation seemed hopeless for the German military. With conditions on the home front worsening, and realising the dire situation Germany faced in the war, on the 29th September 1918; General Hindenburg, General Ludendorf and the Kaiser Wilhelm II agreed to establish a new democratic government in Germany to replace the current form of government. In spite of this seeming like a victory for the democrats in Germany, it has been argued that this was just an effort to deflect blame for the inevitable defeat at the hands of the allies to left wing elements on the home front. As historian Douglas Newton states; “The intentions of the ruling elite... were quite transparent: ... to smother the prospect of a more thorough revolution from below and to deflect responsibility for the military defeat on
On April 20, 1889, Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau Am Inn, Austria to Alois Hitler and Klara Pölzl. In the early days of Hitler’s life, he was an unrestrained and carefree child who lived a happy life. His mother was very caring and affectionate towards him while his father spent most of his time either at work or following his hobby of keeping bees. Hitler had an older brother named Alois Hitler Jr. and an older sister named Angela, and a few years after he was born his mom gave birth to another son named Edmund and another sister named Paula. After his father retired and Hitler started to go to school his life began to change. He was no longer able to live his previous carefree lifestyle and now his strict father was going to be watching
However, Ludendorff’s plan backfired when Wilson’s Points insisted that Germany lay down all arms and dissolved its army to no more than 100,000 troops, as well as all parties responsible resign (Peukert, 1987; 46). If Wilson’s constitutional reforms were to be implemented a democratic parliament could have been formed (Peukert, 1987; 24). Obviously Germany was reluctant, at first, to accept all of the responsibility of the war. To add to the attempt of keeping Germany a War state and its reluctant surrender, Keiser Wilhelm II ordered a last attempt by the German Naval Fleet to attack. This created a mutiny in Wilhelmshaven on October 28, 1918 and a sailor’s resurrection in Kiel on November 3rd and 4th (Peukert, 1987; 27). The peaceful revolutionary movement has begun in Germany and the citizens began expressing they wanted a new government. During the revolution the Weimar Republic was forming and it seemed to be doing so with little compromise from polar parties. Somehow, the Weimar Constitution was written and the new government began to practice democracy. Most of Germany, by now, wants to be a viable part of the world and achieve a better standard of living, the newly formed Weimar Republic and fragile economy will be tested with the Versailles Treaty.
Hitler is the most infamous political figure in history. He was the leader of the Nazi party and the main opposition of the Allied Forces in World War II. With his corrupt ideology he was able to sway an entire nation and poison the leaders of Japan and Italy. With Hitler and his ever growing army he set a plan into motion to spread the Nazi party throughout the world, beginning in Europe. He committed mass murder of eleven million people, six million being of the Jewish faith.
Thus, a series of parties against the Weimar gained power, although through coalition, reducing the power of the already fragile Republic. Here we can see the system of parliamentary democracy was a factor in the collapse of the Weimar. The series of economic crisis’ which affected post World War One Germany assisted in both the fall of the Weimar and the rise of Hitler. The Treaty of Versailles left the country with extremely large debts and when Germany did not keep up with payments, the French responded by invading the Ruhr, an industrial region in Germany, resulting in a general strike and ruining the middle class who would eventually make up the foundation of Nazi supporters.
Almost in unification, the army praised the Night of the Long knives even though, general Kurt von Schleicher and Ferdinand von Bredow were among the many victims. The ill President Hindenburg, who was viewed as Germany’s military hero, sent a telegram expressing his “profoundly felt gratitude” and congratulated Hitler for, “nipping treason in the bud”. Although many Germans approached the official news of the events as described by Josef Goebbels with doubtfulness, many others though took the government at its word, and believed Hitler had saved Germany from chaos and destruction. The Night of the Long knives represented a triumph for Hitler and a turning point for the German government. It established Hitler’s image as “the supreme judge of the German people”. This event also sent a clear message to the public that even the most notable Germans were affected from arrest or even summary execution should the Nazi regime view them as a threat. Due to the Night of the Long Knives, it established a pattern of violence that would characterize the Nazi regime and desensitise the German citizens from executions of millions in the future.
After World War I, Germany was in a deep hole and everyone looked to find a way out. The man who would bring hope and a purpose to Germans
Kaiser Wilhelm II was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia. A man that would come to be ridiculed and blamed for things perhaps out of his control, he was nonetheless one of the more prominent figures during the events of World War I. He showed very open enjoyment at his title, which would be used against him. Naturally, due to the ramifications of World War I, he was banned, and sought refuge in the Netherlands. His early life is an interesting affair, but his political career is clearly the focus of his life, not that you’d gloss over the story of his exile.
The collapsement of the Weimar Republic was due to many social, political and economical issues within. From its birth it faced numerous political problems, for which the causes were many and varied. These problems included political instability, deep divisions within society and economic crisis; problems were constantly appearing for the new government. The Weimar Republic never really had a stable political party, having a whole six different parties between 1924-1928 does not create stability. Many of these parties were also narrowly sectioned, with messed up
What impacts did Hitler have at the time and later in history? The start of World War II was one of the biggest impacts. There were many countries involved in this war. The major countries under the allies were Britain, France, U.S., Soviet Union, and under the axis also had major countries like the Germany, japan, and Italy. The Germany was at its peak. And it was all because of one man, Adolf Hitler, he was one of the most dominant German leaders in history, no doubt about that. Other superior leaders during World War II were: Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, and the japan emperor Hirohito. Hitler was responsible for nearly 50 million deaths all around the world, and most importantly his hatred
Germany, a country rich in culture and heritage, yet plagued by the fallout of World War I and World War II, has progressed to become the centerpiece of the European Union and the world’s third richest economy. The first German Empire dates back to the Roman Empire starting in the 8th century AD. During the Middle Ages the German Empire fended off many attacks against their soil from the Hungarians and the Slavs. Fighting and power struggles continued until the 1400’s, when the modern world gradually came into existence with intellectual, economic and political changes.
How and Why Hitler and the Nazis Came to Power in Germany Before the Great War in 1914 Germany was a rich and prospering country. The end of the war in 1918 and between 1933 reduced Germany to a weak and struggling country. There are many reasons for the fall and rise of Germany during this time, which ultimately results in the rise of Hitler and the Nazis. After the war Germany found defeat in the First World War difficult to accept. Their did not accept that they had been truly defeated: they thought their government had been 'stabbed in the back' by left-wing Germans who lacked patriotism.
Therefore there was a decline in extremist parties such as the Communists and the National Socialists because many Germans didn’t want an extreme change and liked Germany as it was. This was a turning point for Germany because it seemed that the extremist parties would not be capable of getting seats in the parliament. Also, Stresemann convinced the public that a democratic government would solve any problems quickly- and many believed him. The popularity of the Social Democrats increased and they had the majority of the seats in the parliament (153). This was a turning point for Germany because people started to believe that this new democratic government would remain stable and prosperous for the years to come. The Dawes Plan allowed this to happen because it gave the Republic the money it needed to invest in the economy for the people.
German history is seen as a ‘painful issue for thousands of Germans and other Europeans’ . However it has interested many historians over the years into inquiring how and why Hitler came to power and how much of this was to do with the failure of parliamentary democracy in Germany. To fully ascertain to what extent these events have in common and what reasons led to the fall of democracy and rise of the Nazis, each have to be looked at individually. Also it seems beneficial, to be able to evaluate these in the relevant context, to look at the situation in Germany was in prior to 1920.
There were various factors that contributed to the failure of the Weimar Republic of Germany and the ascent of Hitler’s National Socialist German Workers Party into power on January 30, 1933. Various conflicting problems were concurrent with the eventuation of the Republic that, from the outset, its first governing body the socialist party (SPD) was forced to contend with.
November 1918 saw the result of WW1 though Germany's eyes. A crumbled economy, revolution and counter-revolution, the flailing of a government, and an angered mass population- searching for scapegoat in which to blame their