How Did Paula Scher Changed The Meaning Of Graphic Design?

Wikipedia is a collaborative resource, which aims to be a compendium of all human knowledge. In a serious examination of Wikipedia as a credible and valid source of information we need to place our argument within a definable framework. As I will show information has many uses, for the purposes of this paper I will examine the use of Wikipedia for scholarly research, the kind, which I will be utilizing throughout the rest of my MBA program. I will be evaluating Wikipedia based on the parameters set forth by Brenda Spatt. The credentials, Impartiality, style/tone, and currency of Wikipedia will all be examined in this paper (Spatt 2011).

Fran admired and collected other artist’s work for her home, but also as part of her trove of infinite objects that often made their way into her art. From the mad jumble of countless boxes and bags in her studio came often playful “bricolage” works of beauty, humor and imagination. She taught for many years at the New Jersey Center for the Visual Arts, the Newark Museum and was actively teaching until just weeks before her death last year. An award-winning artist, she exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art, the Smithsonian, Victoria and Albert Museum, and in galleries throughout New Jersey. She began her eight-decade career as a fashion designer before moving into painting, printmaking, found art sculpture, book and paper making, and other multi-media arts. Fran studied art at the American School of Fine Arts, Newark School of Fine Arts, and Fairleigh Dickinson University. The works in this exhibition were generously donated by Fran’s family to The 1978 Maplewood Arts Center. Proceeds from all sales will benefit the center as well as public art in the

The frustrations of Middlebury faculty members are by no means unique. Last year, Alan Liu, a professor of English at the University of California at Santa Barbara, adopted a policy that Wikipedia “is not appropriate as the primary or sole reference for anything that is central to an argument, complex, or controversial.” Liu said that it was too early to tell what impact his policy is having. In explaining his rationale — which he shared with an e-mail list — he wrote that he had “just read a paper about the relation between structuralism, deconstruction, and postmodernism in which every reference was to the Wikipedia articles on those topics with no awareness that there was any need to read a primary work or even a critical work.”

When students are doing research on the internet, Wikipedia is usually one of the first site to appear. For students, the site is usually tempting to click, but they are quickly reminded by their teachers that Wikipedia should not be used as a site of knowledge. They label the site as inaccurate, unreliable, and uncreditable. In Boyd’s article she writes that teachers consistently tell students to stay clear of Wikipedia at all cost. Students should not have to see the site as tempting. They should be allowed to use it and embrace the site. Wikipedia has so much educational potential and should not be ignored by teachers. Boyd also writes that some analyses have shown that Wikipedia’s content is just as creditable as, if not more reliable than, more traditional resources.

Eventhough, the internet can be helpful with education, it can also be unreliable. However, “The Hive” by Marchall Poe, was the openness of Wikipedia. Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia that anyone can use it. This might work for some people specially that ones who attend school or college. This is very helpful for them because in Wikipedia you can search or find anything you would like. Since anyone can write, or delete or use information off of Wikipedia, it makes it less controversial because anyone can put their input into the website. If don’t agree with something, that’s alright because you can add your own opinion. Poe describes how authors of certain wiki pages write with a bias to support their facts. Facts become opinions when feelings and emotions of bias get involved. “Instead of relying on experts to

Does the internet affect the way people think? This is the question Nicholas Carr answers in his essay, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” Carr writes about the negative aspects of relying on an outside source for information in order to argue that Google could be making us less intelligent. Carr’s general audience is anyone with access to the internet because he believes most people with access to the internet usually abuse it. Because the internet supplies a large quantity of information, people are less likely to learn for themselves.

I must admit that I have Google set as my homepage and before actually thinking how much I know about a particular topic, I automatically “google” the topic. I realized how much it has affected my cognitive ability and overall concentration. Our brain is constantly making new connections, therefore taking on qualities of the technology around us. The way humans explain themselves to others is changing because of the way we are unconsciously adapting to “intellectual technologies.” This means that we are allowing the information we read on the internet to alter the way we view not only ourselves, but the world around us as well.

In, “Is Google Really Making Us Stupid?” by Nicholas Carr (2008), he validates how people are heavily relying on the internet pushing for Artificial Intelligence. Carr also talks about how it is changing the way our minds work with negative side effects. He demonstrates how the internet may be shaping our thought process by giving observational examples as well as personal experiences. Beginning with his personal experiences he says how he finds it difficult to keep focused on a book, as a writer, this is rare to him. He tries to find a reason to his inability to stay focused and comes to a conclusion it is due to the internet. Carr is very persuasive in his article, although his point of view maybe seen as an opinion, he does show and support

Weir’s entire argument is based on the Pew Internet & American Life Project survey. This survey was conducted by the Pew Research Center, a well-respected, independent, scientific polling and surveying group. It consisted of “895 technology stakeholders’ and critics’ expectations of social, political, and economic change by 2020”. (Anderson) 76 percent of these experts survey agreed to the statement, “By 2020, people’s use of the internet has enhanced human intelligence; as people are allowed unprecedented access to more information they become smarter and make better choices. Nicholas Carr was wrong: Google does not make us stupid.” (Weir) This scientific data is completely detrimental to the argument make by Carr in The Atlantic. Weir goes on to highlight three key expert perspectives submitted in the survey and concludes by hyperlinking to the survey so that the reader can study further into the matter. In stark contrast, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” makes no use of any concrete data related to the subject. To be fair, however, Carr does point out this weakness by stating, “Anecdotes alone don’t prove much. And we still await the long-term neurological and psychological experiments that will provide a definitive picture of how Internet use affects cognition.” (Carr) He does mention one expert, Maryanne Wolf, who believes that “[we] are how we read” and reading online makes us become “mere decoders of information” (Wolf qtd. in Carr), but other historical points are made citing experts and examples from 1882, 1911, 1936, 1976, and 1982, all of which are irrelevant to his central argument since they come from an age where Internet content consumption was not a reality. Carr is utterly lacking in any substantial logos and his reasoning typically draws on his appeals to pathos rather than facts. Therefore, Weir is the clear winner in his use of

On November 15, 1887, Calixtus O’Keeffe and Ida Totto’s lives were changed as they were granted with the gift of their baby girl, the second child out of seven future sons and daughters (“Georgia O’Keeffe Biography,” 2016). They named her Georgia, after her Hungarian grandfather, George Totto (“Georgia O’Keeffe Biography,” 2016). Little did they know, their infant would become well-known as she grew older. Georgia O’Keeffe created astonishing and inspirational artwork, utilized the Habit of Mind, “Thinking Interdependently, towards her contributions to the world, and illuminated the artistic field. (“About Georgia O’Keeffe,” 2017).

Below is a brief biography of one of the youngest African American artist Kara Elizabeth Walker. Walker was born in November 26, 1969 in Stockton, California, US. Currently, she lives in New York, NY. Walker’s dad Larry Walker is an art professor and her mother Gwen Walker is a clothing designer. In 1996, Walker married Klaus Burgel, who is a jewelry designer and they both gave a birth to a daughter name Octavia. Walker has been educated at Atlanta College of Art, BA, 1991 and Rhode Island school of design, 1994. Just right after she graduated in 1994, she started a career as a professor. However, the time when she traveled to New York City to join a meeting, her friend persuaded her to hand in her work in the Drawing Center. That was the turning point of a professor to an artist (“Kara Walker” Contemporary). Walker worked in a several of medium such as: “Paper cutouts, gouache mixed with coffee, brass rubbing and overhead projectors” (Harvey).

Paul Rand, a top influence in the field of design brought America into the modern era of design. This study will give a background to Rands life and how his upbringing impacted his future endeavors. It will then cover his primary works and discuss work that became a defining part of his career and the industry. Following that, it will discuss how Rands work in advertising and Corporate Identity set the groundwork for today design thinking. Finally, the thesis will examine modern designers that sought out Rand as a source of inspiration. This thesis will look at why Paul Rand is said to be one of the most influential graphic designers in history, and why his principles translate into good design that resonates for generations to follow.

Wikipedia has existed since January 2001 by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger. Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia written and edited by volunteers. Murley states that as of March 2008, Wikipedia contained more than nine million articles, of which two million were in English. More than 75,000 contributors write in more than 250 languages. (2010, p. 594) However, any one can edit an existing article by clicking on the edit tab found at the top of an article. Only anonymous registered users add new articles. These articles must meet Wikipedia’s policies and guidelines. All references must be verifiable and the tone must be neutral. If the article does not meet all of the criteria, Wikipedia’s

The Wikipedia is a free, online encyclopedia that lets every individual with Internet connection write and edits its articles. Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger launched their creation in 2001 giving an opportunity to all willing people to work together to develop a common resource of knowledge. Many people have different believes and ideas about Wikipedia, therefore, some tend to think of it as a credible and valid source of information, others strongly disagree. “Since all the books and articles have been chosen for publication, each one has presumably undergone some form of selection and review” (Spatt, 2011, “p.”339-340). Unfortunately, this statement is simply not enough to

When one talks or thinks of architecture, or the architects, there is a great gender gap, and due to these gaps, some women do not acquire the acknowledgement that is rightfully theirs. As one of the finest architects, designers, and artist of the 20th century, Eileen Gray was and still has not been given any attention as a serious designer/architect, unlike her counter parts, Le Corbusier, De Stijl, Mies van der Rohe, or Frank Lloyd Wright.