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Topics Distribution of the sample mean. Central Limit Theorem. Confidence intervals for a population mean. Confidence intervals for a population proportion. Sample size for a given confidence level and margin of error (proportions). Poll articles. Hypotheses tests for a mean, and differences in means (independent and paired samples). Sample size and power of a test. Type I and Type II errors. You will be given a table of normal probabilities. You may wish to be familiar with the follow formulae and their application.

Short Answer Writing Assignment – Both the calculated binomial probabilities and the descriptive statistics from the class database will be used to answer the following questions.

When we look around us, we may not recognize that statistics is all around. Before I began to take this course “Statistics for Managers” I was not aware of how statistics actually worked. The first idea that came to my mind about statistics was probability. Not knowing statistics and probability are related because they both determine a possible outcome. Throughout this course I have learned what statistics is and how it works. In this paper, I will describe descriptive and inferential statistics, hypothesis developing and testing, the selection of statistical tests, and how to evaluate statistical results in analyzing data.

I will be applying descriptive statistics to visually display data and calculate measures of central tendency and dispersion to effectively pin point patterns of injury, what medications we give, and what topics to educate our Soldiers to prevent illness and injury. As this course comes to an end I have reflected on the course outcomes and determined that I have successfully achieved the intended learning objectives in the five Modules. I have demonstrated the ability to describe statistics, determine sources and users of Health Statistics. I have been able to identify and demonstrate the importance of the Central Limit Theorem to the study of Health Statistics. As mentioned in my reflective discussion posting I took special interest in the ability to demonstrate the ability to compute descriptive statistics in order to describe the characteristics of a data set as well as applying elementary probability theory to health sciences data. I also mentioned earlier that the ability to conduct parametric and nonparametric inferential statistical tests: t-tests, chi-square analyses proved to be the most difficult for me to learn. Overall this course was very useful for me and will improve the way I run my medical company here in Kuwait. I believe our work here will improve the quality of care through statistical review of our standard operating procedures and protocols in the aid station. I appreciate the learning opportunity this course offered and the feedback

The mean, average of the population, the standard deviation, deviation in the sample, and a histogram, a graph to show the percentage of the population, was prepared. The means calculated as follows: blue 0.2072, orange 0.2271, green 0.1852, yellow 0.1165, red 0.1448, and brown 0.1192. The histogram was bell shaped with three outliers, numbers outside the given range, of 55 candies, or one bag.

The helpful capability of animals was initially perceived in the late 1800s, when Florence Nightingale, the founder of advanced nursing, made generous disclosures in regards to animal-assisted therapy. The thought that animal-assisted therapy can assume a critical part in enhancing human prosperity struck as a genuine practice in 1980(Berek 1). E. Friedman discovered a phenomenal experiment that showed those who own pets tend to live longer than those who do not own any pets(1). Studies show that petting an animal releases hormones that produce a calming effect to humans which can lead to lower blood pressure and stress levels(1). The calming effect also works on

Throughout history, animals have played an important role in the lives of humans. In 1860, Florence Nightingale commented on the positive impact of small animals on those with chronic illness (Nightingale, 1860/1969). Over 100 years have passed, and the human health benefits from exposure to pets, or companion animals, both psychological and physical, have been well-documented (Barker & Dawson, 1998). Halm (2008) suggests that animals play a crucial role in creating healing environments. Animal- assisted therapy generates physiological effects, psychological effects, and social effects.

Statistics are used in all areas of life, and there is a great deal of information involved. It is imperative for an individual to understand and accurately interpret the statistical data they are viewing. This paper will discuss interpretation of various statistical terms. It will also discuss and address possible issues of a selected peer-reviewed article.

A statistical chart was created to analyze novels read my students in a 12th grade Literature class. There were a total of four classes and the teachers of the literature classes were Dr. Adhanom, Ms, Zadnichek, SGT Kulokowski, and Mr. Radoslovich. Each Literature class had a wide variation of students per class ranging anywhere from ten to forty-five students. The point of the statistical model was to show the teacher’s name of the 12th grade Literature class, the number of students in the class, the total novels that were read, and the average of novels that were read per student. Thus, the statistical chart allows people to see what class read the most and least amount of books. In addition, the chart shows an average of books read per students.

Animals and humans have long shared a strong bond (Bakerjian, 2014). Companion animals are animals that live with humans and are part of the family system. They offer benefits such as lowering blood pressure, helping owners maintain an exercise schedule, improving psychological wellbeing and lowering risk of diabetes and heart attacks (Anger & Akins, 2014). This simple relationship humans have with animals has lead to future predictors and research directions into investigating the impact of pet therapy across a range of contexts (Evans & Gray, 2012). Pet therapy, or Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) helps in the physical, social, emotional and cognitive functioning of the participant (Anger & Akins, 2014). Studies have investigated the relationship and benefits AAT brings to mental health, seniors, autism spectrum disorder and hospitalized patients. These studies have shown that AAT decreases blood pressure, reduces anxiety and improve overall human mental and physical health and wellbeing (Bell, 2013; Chur-Hansen, McArthur, Winfield, Haniech & Hazel, 2014). There is a common perception that children, more specifically hospitalized children, benefit from animal visits. However, there is little literature evidence on the benefits of AAT on hospitalized children (Chur-Hansen et al., 2014). By analyzing the importance and relevance of animal assisted therapy in hospitals and with a variety of populations, this research aims to gain a better understanding of the benefits of AAT in

Pet therapy (Animal-Assisted Therapy) is one of the modern methods, which attracted attention of many people all over the world these days. Some creatures, such as dogs, cats, fish, birds, rabbits, and horses may assist human beings in different fields such as physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual rehabilitation [Collins & Varmus, 2015]. In 1954, Florence Nightingale reported the beneficial effects of pets on patients with chronic diseases [Nightingale, 1954]. It was the first efforts for the extensive research of physicians to find out treatment mechanisms [Stanley-Hermanns & Miller, 2002]. It is shown in a study that communication with dogs makes a significant improvement in alleviating pain, mood, anxiety, and distress of the patients

Were the groups in this study independent or dependent? Provide a rationale for your answer.

For this data set, the student t-test is best to be used in testing the hypothesis. Here, two tailed-sample tests would be used at a level of significance of 5%. This will help us to pick an alpha at 0.25 in each tail to test the direction, which the test statistic is significant(LAWRANCE, 1987, p. 280). The relationship in both directions is significantly tested by our hypothesis which will compare the mean of the given sample population to the given value x obtained by the t-test. We shall then use the obtained p-value to make a decision whether to accept or reject our null hypothesis.

William E. Martin, Krista D. Bridgmon (n.d.) Quantitative and Statistical Research Methods: From Hypothesis to Results, : Jossey

As a researcher, picking the correct statistical method is an important step of an evidence-based research that enhances the study and ensures validity. There are two major types of statistical methods; descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics gives a basic description of a data set, and an inferential statistics enables the researcher to make inferences between the independent variable and the dependent variable. Initially, a descriptive statistic was used to analyze the data. The analysis of a descriptive statistics entails using the calculations of the mean, standard deviation, and medium. However, Messina et al. (2009) has a small sample size in the research study and the descriptive statistics produced