Under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, peacekeeping missions can be launched by the Security Council of the United Nations in the aim to secure peace and to help populations in reconstructing stable and durable government and institutions (United Nations, 1945). This essay will focus on the peacekeeping mission created in 2002 at the request of the Government of Afghanistan, "to assist it and the people… in laying the foundations for sustainable peace and development in the country" (UNAMA, n.d.). This mission is called the United Nation Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) and has been prolonged by the resolution 2145 (March 17, 2014), for twelve more months. First, a historical background of the situation will be provided that will help to understand the intervention of the international community. Then, the essay will focus on the interests of each participant in the mission, especially how regional actors were convinced that an intervention will benefit them. Finally, an appreciation of the effectivity and the efficiency of the mission will be presented through a journalistic perception and also from members of the UN themselves. Mainly, this essay is trying to demonstrate that, even though UNAMA brought incontestable aid to the country, it has been, since the beginning of the mission, challenged and contested. It was reproached its cooperation with the authoritarian Afghan government, but also its blurred line with the U.S. own mission of war on terrorism.
Before the United Nations Peacekeeping had begun in 1948, the UN had played a large role in the Trieste after WWII. As the assembly of the United Nations had come into being, their first assigned mission was in the Middle East to observe and maintain the cease-fires. Australians were one of the first peacekeepers to serve under the UN flag when they assigned military observers to Indonesia in 1948. Today, over 65,000 Australian personnel have partaken in over 50 peacekeeping operations. This includes military observation, conflict concerns upon cease-fires, clearing land-mines and humanitarian aid.
In 1994, a conflict the US couldn't understand, between clans and tribes it didn't know, in a country where there were no national interests, occurred. The Rwandan War of 1994 did not deserve US intervention. There are four contentions on why the US should not have gotten involved in this Rwandan war. The Black Hawk Down incident, how the UN was there previously there, there being no Possible Gain, and having nothing to do with us. Through the examination of the novel, An Ordinary Man by Paul Rusesabagina, it is Obvious that these key points are valid.
Theoretically, it holds that the United States (US) invaded Afghanistan as a self-defense strategy following the 9/11 attacks. Practically, however, as US foreign policy is about conquest, self-protection and resource-extraction, it seeks strategic dominance of geographical space to sustain its global relevance. The rationality of the US suggests the need to continuously accumulate capital, resources and military proficiency to ensure autonomy. Therefore, a pragmatic reading into the motivation behind the invasion of Afghanistan negates the self-defense theory. Rather, the shifting coordinates of power within central and southern Asia crafted the perfect criteria for US intervention. This work explores the motivations and systemic cover-ups designed by the Bush administration in ordering military troops into Afghanistan in 2001. It will hold that this invasion was not just a War on Terror, but rather a tactic to ensure US prevalence within the region, and henceforth, the rest of the world. Thus, why did the US invade Afghanistan?
It is quite clear that over the last 20 years, especially the last decade, Canada’s involvement in peacekeeping operations had declined drastically. In 1995, Canada ranked 6th out of 84 countries in the world in terms of contributions to peacekeeping missions, with 2,204 soldiers deployed. Today the rank is 62 out of 126 contributing countries, with approximately 100 personnel serving. Peacekeeping became a part of Canada’s national identity and to many it was seen as “an independent, distinctively Canadian activity”” With peacekeeping Canada created a role for themselves in international affairs and set themselves apart from the United States. In a time of international war, Canada sought after keeping peace in areas of conflict, but the
Thesis: The role of the United Nations has changed from being primarily an international peacekeeping force to primarily a humanitarian organization.
Canada has been actively involved with the United Nations since its creation in 1945. Since then, Canadian peacekeepers have participated in almost every single peacekeeping mission. The role of Canadian peacekeeping was to bring peace and stability between countries. However, Canada’s role is slowly starting to diminish because of its failure to prevent conflict in peacekeeping missions. Examples of this instance include the mass genocide in Rwanda, the civil war in Somalia and Yugoslavian crisis.
“From the outset of the war, the Canadian people have clearly shown that it is their desire to help in every way to make Canada’s war effort as effective as possible” – William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada during World War II (Collections Canada, 2001). Currently, many in the 21st century consider Canada as a very peaceful, social, and overall accommodating country. Canada does many things for its people such as taking in many refugees, helping university level students with loans, and giving immigrants affordable housing. Canada also helps protect other countries military wise, especially the people in certain countries who are found in situations like war. Canada tries to create peace with these countries or tries to use
Although in the past, Canada vastly supported the United Nations, a peacekeeping group, Canada’s rank in the UN Peacekeeping contributions chart has decreased from the 20th to the 21st century. Canada used to be ranked 8th in 1990 sending an average of 1000 forces, whether they be police, military experts, or troops. However in comparison to the other countries that provided thousands of Peacekeepers, in the year 2015, Canada was only ranked 68th sending a total average of 116 forces. From the major decrease of Canadian peacekeepers, it is observed that Canada has scaled back their role as a peacekeeping nation, allowing Canada to uncover its peacemaker within. Secondly, United Nations added an online mediation support tool called Peacemakers. Designed for use by peacemaking professionals, the tool consists of peace agreements, knowledge for guidance as well as material involving the United Nations mediation support services. Peacemaker is used to provide information on various topics revolving around peace mission. The UN’s efforts to try to resolve the worldwide conflict are presented through UN Peacemaker. The UN added peacemaker to inform others of peacemaking, showing that it is not just peacekeeping. Thirdly, the United Nations collects money from its members, Canada may be 9th in the top ten providers, however Canada used to
Canada is a nation of many positive contributions, it has aided others worldwide for a century now. In that span, Canada has done an array of things to prove itself to be a humanitarian nation. The country has assisted in providing aid for third world and first world countries that were victims of devastating events, accepted refugees who fled their home country without complications and have been in supportive peacekeeping missions.
The war between Afghanistan and the United States has been one that has lasted longer than any war; the civil war combined with both World War I and World War II do not match the duration the United States currently faces with Afghanistan. With both countries engaging little to no military conflict, the U.S. continues to be on Afghanistan’s territory, securing the country from the rise of militias potentially threatening our counterpart’s sovereignty. Many people have been arguing whether the US should withdraw from Afghanistan and when. Currently, as the U.S. plans to withdraw from the Afghan nation, the issue is not one that pertains to the U.S. and Afghanistan, for they are not the only two involved. American forces had planned to leave the opponent’s nation but fear the security along with the sovereignty of Afghanistan continues to be one that is porous. The initiation of the war was the 9/11 attack and has been lasting for 13 years. However, many people complain about the extreme high cost of the war The United States should withdraw completely from Afghanistan because of the high cost of the war, popular opinion’s support, and very few al-Qaeda members are left.
Canada is one of the best countries to settle in. In fact, according to Fashion and Lifestyle magazine Canada is rated 14 out of 30 best countries to live in (“lifestyle9”). The top three choices that makes individuals proud of Canada are the following: Canada’s peacekeeping, Canada’s health care system, and Canada’s multiculturalism. One can agree that Canadians are proud peace keepers. Peacekeeping started taking place since World War II in the year 1939. Peacekeeping is ranked one due to the fact that it is the biggest pull factors of living in this phenomenal country, because Canada avoids going to war with other countries. This country also supports peacekeeping missions and has participated in tons of missions compare to other 196 countries
The United States has minimized its military participation in Afghanistan. For more than a decade Afghanistan has struggled with the Taliban. Power, authority, and influence has played a role in Afghanistan’s political and military strategies. The emergence of international jihadi-insurgent groups, such as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), have brought uncertainty regarding political, economic transitions, and the security of the nation. The formation of the National Unity Government (NUG) in Afghanistan outlines the limitations of military support from the U.S. The NUG discusses the end of NATO International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and its new mission, Operation Resolute Support. This new mission outlines the planning
Much recent discourse surrounding humanitarian intervention has focused on the responsibility to protect (R2P). Prevention is a key component for good international relations and few would say it is not important, but as evidence to date would show prevention is very ineffective, the legality of military intervention still needs to be debated, as to date there is no consensus. For any intervention to be legitimate, whether unilateral or multilateral, it must comply with international law. So as not to cause any confusion, any situation in which an “intervention” is done with the permission or by request of the state being intervened, should be considered humanitarian assistance as state sovereignty is not breached. This paper will
I will shed the light on the Security Council which is the keystone of the United Nations system of collective security, and its role in maintaining international peace and security by settling disputes pacifically under chapter VI of the UN Charter and by taking action regarding threats, breaches, and acts of aggression under chapter VII. I will then discuss the several options that Nation states had resorted to in the past to intervene in order to protect civilians. And I will finally highlight the notion of the responsibility to protect which emerged in 2001 and its implication on populations under
This essay is aimed to discuss about United Nation Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL). This first part of essay will be focused more on the establishment of United Nation Interim Force in Lebanon. The second part of the essay will take a closer look at how the missions worked and the way they bargain. Lastly, the recent of UNIFIL operations and events.