Pencil Beam and Collapsed Cone Algorithm Calculations for a Lung-Type Volume Using Ct and the Omp Treatment Planning System

Each of the experiments used different dosimetry devices to detect the amount of radiation exposure. By using these devices not only does it measure how much radiation exposure patients are being exposed to but also the amount of radiation the technicians are being exposed to. Using different dosimeters helps predict which ones pick up more and less radiation. Dental radiology technicians should wear the dosimeter badges while working, so they can be measured at all times. By measuring the amount of scatter radiation in multiple ways helps us regulate the

AEC maxed out: GE’s automatic exposure control (AEC) tools, SmartmA and AutomA, select tube current levels during an exam between minimum and maximum tube current limits based upon the patient habitus as interpreted from the last acquired CT localizer radiograph. If the noise index requested for an image is lower than is allowed by the maximum tube current, the AEC will choose the maximum tube current throughout the scan. This infrequent occurrence can happen due to patient positioning which increases patient dose [17, 18, 31, 32], improperly chosen or set-up protocol [21, 33], or large patient size. If a scan is maxed out in mA for the entire scan, then the average and the maximum mA values will be identical. In such a case, we classify the protocol as having either a manual mA technique or being “maxed out”. If the maximum mA and the average are not equal, then we classify the irradiation event as having utilized

There are two reactions that happen in the human body when ionizing radiation within the diagnostic range (30-150 kilovolt peak) is

This note is very important, because radiation is a very dangerous thing and you have to make sure you know the steps and for what you’re doing. Never take a risk.

Due to the risks that can occur from high radiation levels, a backup plan has been developed in the case of high radiation levels. To start, at the start of the project a Geiger Counter will be purchased in order to keep track of all the radiation and determine whether the radiation ever reaches unsafe levels.

Every isotope that is created through this accelerator is different and unique. Each particle is exposed to a different amount of magnetic field and for how much time. The different amounts of radiation help to solve different medical conditions as well as produce different kinds of solutions for the diagnosis that an individual might

In radiation therapy, d-max is a very important factor when a patient’s treatment is being planned. According to Washington and Leaver (2010), the d-max is defined as the depth at which the radiation beam is at its maximum dose. Different energies produce a different d-max, and to properly treat the tumor, dosimetrists and radiation oncologists must be aware of each depth of maximum dose. When a doctor’s radiation therapy prescription calls for more superficial treatments, it can be hard to find an appropriate energy due to the fact that the energy can max out too deep within the patient. The use of bolus will raise the d-max, or bring the d-max closer to the surface. Bolus will attenuate some of the radiation and in turn

In this experiment the investigator used a clinically calibrated Varian Clinac 6EX Linear Accelerator, manufactured by Varian Medical Systems, Inc., which produced the 6MV photons. I determined Dmax with an Exradin A12 Farmer ionization chamber, manufactured by Standard Imaging, Inc. in Middleton, WI, and then a Keithley 35614 digital dosimeter, manufactured by Keithley Instruments, Inc., concluded the results.

But repeated exposure to radiation from the scans is believed to raise the risk for cell damage that may cause cancer and other health problems. Such risks also can exist for patients receiving radiation to treat tumors, for example...In Dr. Xu's lab, virtual patients are exposed to virtual radiation in doses similar to that of a CT scan or cancer-radiation treatment. Simulating a dose of radiation is a complicated process. It involves mapping out the physics of how radiation waves travel through the body and interact with different biological substances. Bones tend to absorb radiation; fat scatters it”(Wang). With these programs its shown they have been able to lower the amounts of radiation absorbed. One of the reasons the amount is lowering is because with these programs they are able to better diagnosis what it is, and know wether to do a procedure that uses radiation or not. Pregnant women struggle with the fact doctors are worried of hurting the child “train for certain surgical procedures by seeing and feeling organs virtually while using real tools. Doctors could be able to calculate the probability of a pregnant woman having a high-risk delivery, based on synthesized, three-dimensional images of the pelvic region and fetus”(Landro). It is increasing the likelihood of identifying issues in a

According to The American Cancer Society, 43.92% of males and 38% of females have the risk of developing cancer during his/her lifetime (“Lifetime Risk,” 2013). External beam therapy is a common cancer treatment that is distributed from a machine and is focused on the cancer inside the patient (External Beam Therapy, 2014). The treatment is a lot like getting an x-ray only the treatment is more time-consuming and uses a high dosage of radiation which is measured in units called Gray (Gy) (“External Beam Therapy” n.d.). Some of the machines for external beam therapy include linear accelerators, cobalt machines, and orthovoltage X-ray machines (Hopkins, n.d.). The type of machine used on each patient will be decided by the radiation oncologist (Hopkins, n.d.). The machine will not touch the patient and as you read further you will learn it does not hurt, and the radiation cannot be seen, felt, or smelled (“Lifetime Risk”, 2013). External Beam Therapy is an effective and safe treatment plan used to treat cancer.

purpose is to kill cancer cell that may have been left behind. It is depends on the margin involvement, and if the doctor does not sure about the margin: “However, if your team has some question in your case about margin involvement or if there is some component of in situ breast cancer, they may decide to give an extra amount of radiation, called a boost, to the tumor area”(Link, Forsthoff and Waisman 84). Two ways to do the giving boost, first: “The most common involves the linear accelerator and consist of 5 to 10

Technological advances in medical imaging technology propelled improvement in quality and reduced the length of time of computed tomography (CT) scanning. In taking advantage of such improvements, the challenge of Dr. Steve Foster and the radiology division is to not only utilize the higher throughput of the scanners to benefit the greatest number of patients but also to maximize the return on the considerable financial investment they represented (Chopra & Flamm, 2011).

Our dream treatment is to 3d print lungs. We think that it's the best solution because it will become cheaper to get the lungs. This treatment is the best because radiation gives you painful scars. We will be able to make a lot of lungs when we 3d print them and your insurance will cover it.

The estimated rates of exposure, stated previously, is important for estimating short and long term effects on the exposed populations. Especially the exposed children, because they are at higher risk for future radiation exposure effects, as explained by the Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau. The exposed children need to be monitored because they will most likely require treatment, as they get older due to their sensitive thyroid

In terms of education, enormous equipment and expensive yet high quality machines have always surrounded the College of Medical Radiation Technology (or CMRT). However, it is not just about the cost but also about their effectiveness and usefulness for the CMRT students. With these machines, students get to have hands-on activities that prepare them for when they take their internship in hospitals and as future health