Pengaruh Pembelajaran Musik Klasik Pada Usia Dini Terhadap Intelegensi Anak Berusia 10 Tahun

A behaviourist perspective suggests that all behaviour is observable, objective and learnt from experience. It is believed that behaviour can be learnt and reinforced through operant conditioning and unconscious physical response can be learnt through classical conditioning.

2. Changes in behaviuor are the result of an individual's response to events that occur in the environment.

Pavlov’s experiment also demonstrates how nature will interact with nurture through his discovery canines salivate not just at the smell of food, but also at the sound of footsteps bringing the food. The canines were able to connect the smell and audio stimuli together to learn when one comes, such as the footprints, a reward will follow, such as the food. In human development, an individual will link stimuli together in order to adapt to his or her living environment. Some examples of individuals being shaped through experiences include the white coat syndrome and learning to speak. In the first example, a patient associates the sensation of fear with a doctor or nurse; therefore, his or her blood pressure rises when he or she sees the appearance of a white coat (Berger, 40). In the second example, a babbling toddler learns to associate the non-sensible sounds “ma-ma” or “ba-ba” with his or her mother or bottle as they each make their welcomed appearances (Berger, 172). Therefore, a person’s survival depends on whether or not he or she has associated fear with potentially harmful stimuli, or acceptance for desirable stimuli.

Throughout a lifespan, individual's behaviors persist to meet their goals in order to which they perceive them in a study that Rogers referred to as actualization. This theory is in contrast to all learning theorists who claim that behaviors are mainly responses

The theory explains how individuals learn new behaviours by experiencing pleasurable( outcomes and not responding to external stimuli if the outcome is not pleasurable. (

In a naturalistic observation, the phenomenon in which behavior of the subjects being observed changes because they are being watched is called

“Behavior isn't something someone "has." Rather, it emerges from the interaction of a person's biology, past experiences, and immediate context.”

Indonesian gamelan is performed with more than just a purpose of entertainment. It is a communal activity and is made up of a large orchestra of

relationships and environments if they are left unchanged. Interrupting rigid patterns of behaving is a

Bali is one of many islands which make up the Indonesian archipelago and is located between the larger islands of Java and Lombok (E-Lr, 2015). Balinese gamelan is often connected with the proficiency and rapid virtuosity of gamelan gong kebyar, its best-known style. “Balinese music is most often characterised by its

According to behaviorism, the focus is usually on behaviors that are objectively observable while offering a discount on the mental activities. Given that learning refers to the acquisition of new behavior, one of the common among the learning theories is the classic conditioning. Also referred to as the Pavlovian conditioning, the theory of classical conditioning is one that has been used repeatedly to provide an explanation and an interpretation of human behavior from different aspects. For instance, the theory of classical conditioning has been used to explain behaviors related to phobia, source of emotions, and feelings of nervousness among others. In this case, therefore, it is evident that classic conditioning refers to a process of learning through temporal association where two events that occur closely in a repeated manner become fused together in a way that produces the same response (Goldman,

Learning is distinguished from behavioral changes arising from such processes as maturation and illness (Reuters, 2012). Learning is not just a change in behavior; it is a change in the way an individual thinks, understands, or feels (Gregory Robertson-Riegler, 2008). The ability to learn is one of the most exceptional human characteristics. Learning occurs continuously throughout a person 's lifetime. To define learning, it is necessary to analyze what happens to the individual. An individual 's way of perceiving, thinking, feeling, and doing may change as a result of a learning experience. Nevertheless, learning can be characterized as a change in behavior as a result of experience. This can be physical and evident, or it may involve intricate intellectual or attitudinal changes which affect behavior in more subtle ways (Colman, 2006). Learning

A significant piece of several psychological theories in the late nineteenth century was introspection, which is “the examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes” (Press, 2013). In retort to this theory behaviorism came about. Behaviorism is predominantly concerned with observable and measurable aspects of human behavior. In other words behaviorism does not look at the biological aspects but it suggests that all behaviors are learned habits and changes in response to the environment. It endeavors to explain how these particular habits are formed. Behaviorism claimed that the causes of behavior was not necessarily found in the complexities of the mind but could be observed in one’s immediate environment, from stimuli that produced, reinforced, and punished certain responses also known later on as conditioning. It wasn’t until the twentieth century that the scientist began to discover the actual systems to learning, thereby laying a foundation for behaviorism. A theorist by the name of Ivan Pavlov was a major contribution to the discovering of significant behavioral theories.

Masyarakat yang terdiri dari orang-orang kebanyakan tidak mengerti apa orang-orang filem ingin sampaikan untuk mereka dan kepada siapa filem ingin dituju dan ditonton? Filem komersial yang sepatutnya memenuhi citarasa penonton menjadi sebuah filem yang menghampakan penonton . Mana tidaknya, sememangnya filem boleh mengaut keuntungan hasil daripada kutipan penonton tetapi nasib penonton ini dianiayai oleh helah-helah dan janji-janji istimewa orang-orang filem untuk mengatakan filem ini bagus tetapi sebaliknya semua orang sudah tahu dan ini seakan menguntungkan industri tetapi tergadainya maruah dan kehormatan kerana tiada kredibilti filem yang berkualiti. Hal inilah yang membuatkan industri filem negara tidak berkembang pesat.