Penguins Research Paper

Reproductive monogamy is defined as an exclusive sexual relationship between a female and a male based on their sexual interactions. Social Monogamy refers to male and female’s social living arrangement without sexual interactions. It refers to the living patterns, raising offsprings, and obtaining food. Monogamy is common in birds, but also occurs in invertebrates. Why would a male mammal choose to mate with one female when he can mate with more than one? Why would the male stay around instead of finding another female to live with? Many researchers have attempted to answer this question of why some mammals prefer monogamy over polygamy. Vole rats, one of the species that perform monogamous mating, demonstrate pair boding. Male and female pairs of vole rats have been observed together over several months, and the males stay with females even when the female is not reproductively active. A typical vole family in the wild is almost always consisted of one male, one female, and their offspring. In addition, unlike other species in which females are the only ones taking care of the offspring, vole rats share parental roles and even build nests together. Because they show these monogamous behaviors, they have served as a good species/model to learn about monogamy for neuroscientists. In this paper, monogamy, specifically in vole rats, will be explained along with its proximate and ultimate causes of this adaptation.

The article I found is about the endangerment of african penguins. The african penguin is endangered, and many laws have been put into place in South Africa to protect them, mainly preventing fishing so they have a stable food supply. The article talks about how fisherman are a big cause for the penguins dying out, and how the prevention of fishing has greatly increased their population. However, despite all the efforts to protect them, it still isn't enough to get them off the endangered species list. The penguins still face many dangers like water pollution and climate changes that destroy their habitats. African penguins also had a 90% decrease in population size from the 1930’s to early 2000’s. However in the last 10 years the population

Mate choice is a product of mate preferences form in the environment of evolutionary adaptiveness (EEA). Sexual selection suggests that females prefer males who they can gain benefits from such as gifts. This is shown in male birds who make nests for females in order to mate with them and also in insects who give nuptial gifts.

The majority of species of penguin are monogamous, usually returning to the same mate during breeding seasons for many years in a row.

A key element in the life of any individual is to be able to reproduce. Nonhuman primates number only 250 species but display great diversity in grouping patterns. We call some of these types of groupings a one male polygyny or monogamy. However, the main focus today is that these primates have evolved different strategies, behavioral and ecological, to cop with the need to balance limited food supplies while avoiding predators with intensions of mating and or harming their offspring. It has been assumed that in order for male primates to reach mating success, they must have to take on the task of always being present to the female and her offspring’s. I believe that I will argue that monogamy and one male polygyny are different yet both

I have shown a variety of both livestock and general projects in my ten years as a 4-H member. My first livestock project was Mallard ducks and since then my waterfowl project has expanded. I showed my Mallard ducks for five years. Unfortunately a mink killed my entire flock. After I lost my flock, I was given a set of Giant African Dewlaps from a family friend which I named Linus and Lola. A few years later the same family friend offered to give me his pair of Giant Toulouse Dewlap geese. He was having difficulty finding someone to take care of them when he traveled and felt they could have a better home with me. I have shown these geese at the Illinois State Fair and have won Best Heavyweight Goose and Gander and Reserve Best Heavyweight

When discussing female long-term mating strategies, it has been identified that there are certain preferences in which a female desire from a mate (Buss, 2008). Preferences include, a preference for economic resources, a preference for industriousness and ambition, a preference for a good physical appearance and health, and also a preference for dependability and stability. Females prefer someone they can invest in and someone that is willing to invest in them also. And they also desire a mate that can physically protect them and their children and that is both healthy and displays compatibility. There are preconditions as too why these preferences have evolved, such as the idea that resources have been made more defensible and accruable and are more controlled by men, and the idea that men would have to be different between each other in their willingness to somewhat invest their resources in both women and their children. Belsky et al (1991) discovered that some men would rather invest in many women rather than one women and their children as this would mean them

Sea minks are now extinct but were once ranged from Casco Bay, Maine in the south to as far north as New Brunswick, Canada. Their main habitats are coastal regions. Sea minks are usually confused with the American mink, but the sea mink is bigger. Sea minks are on average 914mm but the American mink is 580-700mm, so there is a good difference in size. Also the male sea minks are larger in size compared to the females. Their fur is a reddish dark brown, and it is not known if their fur changes during the summer and winter.

Emperor penguins are majestic creatures; their life cycle portrayed in the film "March of the Penguins" shows a lifecycle fraught with dangers, including exposure to extreme environmental conditions and aggressive predators. Despite the challenges, the breed has survived. It may be argued that survival is the result of natural selection and the adaptations which have developed, but it is also argued luck plays a role.

An example of the monogamous system is gibbons. Monogamous system consists of one male and one female join to rear at least a single brood. There is little opportunity to form relationship besides the one with the mate, so

This article is about how Chinstrap Penguins are threatened by a volcanic eruption. A volcano in the northern part of the island of an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean has been ejecting ash and smoke since March. Of course that threatens all of the animals living there which is the Penguins, and its the largest colony of Penguins in the world according to new studies. These penguins can also not leave the island due to the volcano, and also can not lay or hatch eggs on the island, which will do a lot of damage and will be very hard to follow. Zavodovski Island is home to over one million Chinstrap Penguins, but humans do live there. None of the main effects will be known until the Penguins return to the island, in which 10 to 15 percent

The king penguins favorite food is fish and some squid. In colonies in the open they have territories but no nest. The male penguins size is 16.0 kg ,and a female size is 14.3 kg. The scientific name is the aptenodytes patagonicus. No other penguins have a longer breeding cycle then the King penguins.

Thus, her breeding span is limited (79). In contrast, for males, it is minimal. He simply must produce sperm cells and go through with an act of copulation, in effect, his reproductive capability is limited by the number of females he mates with (Contrary to popular belief, humans are not a monogamous species but a largely monogamous and partly polgynous species) (Gray 79& 83). In addition, males must play the aggressor role in relationships and are more attracted to physical stimuli (Kanin pg. 71). These all require that males recognize love much more quicker then females (Kanin pg. 71).

Males and females differ considerably in how much they each invest in order to make offspring and a result of this, they approach mating with different methods. Researchers and scientists learn and examine these varying mating systems to explain how males and females pair up. A mating system explains the techniques males and females use to pair up when selecting a mate. It is important to begin by reviewing and understanding the reproductive strategies among primates. The major types of mating systems found in primates are monogamy and polygamy. Monogamy is a practice of mating in which one male pairs with one female. Polygamy also known as bisexual, is a pattern of mating in which a male mates with more than one female and a female mates with more than one male (Wong , 2010). Polygamy is then clarified into polygyny and polyandry. Polygyny is when one male mates with multiple females. Polyandry is when one female mates with multiple males. Recognizing the diversity of mating systems will help in understanding the interactive relationship of sexual size dimorphism and behavior in primates.

There are 17 different types of penguins. I’m going to be talking about the about the Adelie, Gentoo, and Emperor penguins. The Adelie can grow up to 28 inches, they can weigh up to 12 pounds, and has an average lifespan of 20 years. The Adelie has black feathers that cover its head, throat, back, and tail, they also have black and white plumage and a small ring of white feathers surrounding each eye. These birds have been observed for stealing rocks from their neighbors nests, the rocks are used for nests. The birds are very cautious and protective of their chicks. Their scientific name is Pygoscelis adeliae and their family name is Spheniscidae, their colonies an average of half a million, the world population of the Adelie is 5 million and