Penicillin Research Paper

In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered that the mold penicillium notatum could be used as an antibiotic. It was not until 1940 that penicillin was derived from the mold to be used to treat disease and sickness. Norman G. Heatley asked a team of scientist to begin working on isolating the ingredient penicillin from the mold itself. In March of 1940, the team withdrew acidified culture

In this reading there was many very interesting facts about penicillin. Penicillin was a breakthrough in the medical field in the 20th century. The scientist Alexander Fleming had accidentally spilled a vile of bacteria on to a plate of bacteria to his benefit he found that is had stopped the growth of bacteria. This accidental discover has benefited everyone in the world because we have to get these shots if we are infected, plus it saved many life’s in world war II. However, Penicillin is considered an antibiotic chemical that is created by living organism to stop the growth of bacteria and prevent an illness if people were to come into contact with this problem. Since the discovery and massive stock piling of this cure it has become less

As the text stated “ In the war, penicillin proved its mettle throughout history, the major killer in wars had been infection on rather than battle injuries. In World War I, the death rate from bacterial pneumonia was 18 percent; in World War II, it fell, to less than 1 percent.”(The Real Story Behind Penicillin). This proves that when U.S. was entering world War II this medicine was very useful to cure many soldiers. After penicillin arrived , we can see how different it was before,and after penicillin. In fact penicillin also helped England during world war II. In “Lax, Eric” it says “they performed their work on a minuscule budget with makeshift equipment during the most perilous time for England in world war II”(page 3). Clearly, penicillin helped many during world war II. This determines that penicillin had a huge impact in the United

     Penicillin has helped save many lives throughout the years. It has cured things like strep throat, which many people have had in their lives, syphilis, and gonorrhea. It also sparked a new wave of

World War II was a historical turning point not only for the basis of political power and war tactics, but also for drugs and medical advances. Between 1939 and 1945, new medical techniques were developed as a direct response to new weaponry. One of the more profound advances was penicillin, discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming. During the war, the drug helped reduce the overall number of amputations and

Howard Florey, a future Nobel Laureate , and three of his partners at Oxford University began research on penicillin and found penicillin ability to swiftly kill deadly bacteria. Unfortunately the ongoing war against Germany in World War II had stretched the Allies resources to far so when it became time for human testing the importance was placed on weapons not medicine. Lucky, Florey had had a Flame ignited in him to finish the research and save lives. Florey asked the United States for help and was referred to the Peoria Labs and on July 9, 1941, Florey and his colleague Norman Heatley arrived in the U.S.A. along with one of the most important inventions in history, a small of penicillin for the Americans to work on. After a intense worldwide search for the best strain of penicillin it was a cantaloupe in a market Peoria itself that was improved and modeled for use outside of the lab. Finally, on November 26, 1941, Andrew J. Moyer, with assistance from one Dr. Heatley, had succeeded!

Jesse Lane says in Not-So-Dumb Luck, When he came back, he noticed that every dish he had left out in the open was covered in mold.” She later says, “The dish that had caught Fleming’s eye contained a staphylococci culture- in other words, it was chock full of bacteria- and while Fleming had been away, the culture had also grown a tuft of yellow-green mold.” And that was the beginning revolutionary history of penicillin. Later in the paragraph the author says, “After some experimentation, he found that the ring was bacteria free, and that the mold was a rare spore called Penicillium notatum,” Where the name penicillin comes from ”which had wafted on air currents into his lab from another floor.” If he hadn’t gone on vacation and left his lab a mess then penicillin wouldn’t be with us today saving lives.Thirdly, penicillin is a widely used medicine that kills bacteria and treats

Before 1928, infections such as pneumonia and gonorrhea were untreatable, and many died of blood poisoning due to lesions that are considered minor in modern times. There were no known antibiotics that could kill the bacteria that caused such infections, so people would die of minor illnesses, such as strep throat. However, Alexander Fleming noticed something odd in one of the petri dishes at St. Mary’s Hospital in London, and this seemingly insignificant observation would revolutionize the field of medicine. He was cultivating strains of the Staphylococcus bacteria, and he found that there were not any bacteria colonies growing near a patch of mold in the dish. After looking more into this finding, Alexander Fleming learned that the mold was actually a strain of Penicillium notatum, and it had the capacity to kill malign bacteria like streptococcus, meningococcus

A group of Oxford scientists built upon the discovery by Alexander Flemming in order to mass produce penicillin. In the course of his research, Sir Flemming noticed that the secretions of a certain strain of mold, Penicillium notatum, killed surrounding bacteria. The purification of penicillin from the secretions, however, proved difficult. In the late 1930s, Howard Florey, Ernst Chain and others at Oxford University, “turned penicillin from a laboratory curiosity into a life-saving drug” (American Chemical). For their work on penicillin, Flemming, Florey and Chain were awarded the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The first penicillin samples were unrefined and produced in milk jugs (Quinn, 427), but within five years, its distillation occurred at the industrial level. This was accomplished as a result of the implementation of an open network of information exchange. Roswell Quinn writes, “Mold samples, top-secret reports, and scientists began flying all over the country and, in some cases, the world” (Quinn, 427). Additionally, the cost of the drug’s development raised no concerns

In 1928, Alexander Fleming returned from holiday to find that the petri dishes full of bacteria that he had left unattended had grown significantly, except for a region directly around a mold colony on one of the petri dishes. He inferred that this may have had something to do with a substance secreted by the mold. It turns out he was correct, and had inadvertently discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic. However, he did not fully realize its potential to be used to treat disease, and was mainly concerned with its ability to kill some bacteria, while leaving resistant strains alive, essentially helping to isolate single strains of bacteria, especially interesting to him, as a bacteriologist.

Have you ever wondered how the discovery of penicillin changed the world for the better. Penicillin has changed the world in a positive effect helping the world cure some diseases and illnesses that people have a hard time living with. Some diseases that penicillin cures is :strep throat, scarlet fever, diphtheria, syphilis,gonorrhea, meningitis, tonsillitis, rheumatic fever and many more diseases are cured by this fantastic discovery of medicine. The founder of penicillin is Alexander Fleming and he founded it during world war two but the year was 1941.

There was a problem at first as it was hard to produce large amounts of penicillin, so when penicillin was first used in the U.S.A, they used nearly half of their supply. Only in 1943 penicillin started to be produced in large amounts. There were arguments about who should get the most credit for penicillin even though Howard Florey, Alexander Fleming and Florey’s co-worker Ernst Chain all shared the Nobel Prize in 1945. Alexander Fleming was knighted in 1994, during WWII.

What is the most influential person in the 20th century for me? Well, with no doubt is Alexander Fleming. To be honest, Fleming was born in 1881, but it wasn’t until 1928 when he revealed Penicillin.

The first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. This antibiotic was used during World War Two. However in 1945, Alexander Fleming warned the public that they would most likely overuse penicillin, resulting in an evolution of bacteria. In 1952, antibiotic resistance was discovered by an unnamed researcher. This researcher found that some strains of bacteria were becoming strong enough to be immune to some medicines.

saw the use of antibiotics skyrocket because of a catastrophic fire at the Cocoanut Grove Night Club in Boston, Massachusetts. Its success with healing the infections of burn patients aided, “… the War Production Board to underwrite major research…” efforts (Grimsley 1). With the War Production Board sponsoring the exploration of penicillin, they wouldn’t have discovered one major roadblock; the ability to mass produce Penicillium, the mold in which penicillin is derived, would have never been conquered. Because the current method was deemed, “…slow and inadequate,” a single pound would cost $45,000 (Grimsley 1). As roadblocks to penicillin’s advancements became known, research efforts became futile and, inevitably, the War Production Board withdrew their support in favor for another medicine. Miraculously, scientists at the Peoria labs created an effective way to grow Penicillium in mass, solving their dilemma. Called the “Deep Fermentation” method, it consisted of large drums growing the Penicillium mold, which is constantly being, “agitated and aerated” (Grimsley 2). Following its success in mass production, the military became one of its major contributors. Pilot studies, an army field of education, “persuaded the U.S. Army to purchase 150 million units per weeks for hospital use,” as a result, penicillin saw its usefulness in everyday war, more notably, the Norway landing of June 1944 (Grimsley 2). It goes to show, with the ability to mass produce penicillin, thousands were able to escape amputation or even