Pennies And Calorimetry Lab Report

The year that the composition of the pennies changed started after 1982, it wasn’t until 1983 did the pennies composition fully changed. Before 1982, the U.S. mint companies made the pennies with a metallic composition of 95% copper and 5% zinc. Sometime in 1982 the U.S. mint companies started to change the metallic compositions of the pennies to 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper. It wasn’t until 1983 did the metallic compositions of the pennies fully changeover to 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper (United, 1). The United States Mint source confirmed our experimental conclusion that the pennies composition changed around 1982 to 1983, when we measured the light and heavy pennies, the pennies after 1984 weighed an average of 2.5089 grams. But the pennies

In my experiment, I compared if the side of a penny affected how many drops of water it can hold. I took 2 pennies, one on the head and one on the tails. I took a dropper and filled it with water. I then dropped the water onto the penny and counted how many drops of water it could hold until the water went on the paper towel. My hypothesis was that the tail side of the penny could hold more water, and it did. According to my data, the tail side average was about 1 whole drop away from the head average. This means that the tail side could hold more water. The exact average of the head side on the penny was 23 drops. The average of the tail side of the penny is 24.72727273 drops. That was super close. Although I made sure my hand was the same

Directions: Design your own experiment to test some variable of the Diet Coke and Mentos lab. Identify one variable that you will change and test – this will be your Independent Variable.

This experiment was performed to determine the difference in density between pre-1982 pennies and post-1982 pennies. In addition, we were given an unknown substance and our task was to configure what it was through calculating its volume,mass, and density. Furthermore, we were being introduced to the procedures of displacement in this experiment as well. All together, we were given the task of finding out why there was a difference in density between the two pennies. My partner, Michael Sapawa, and I first had to measure the mass of both pennies using a scale. Then we calculated the volume of the samples with graduated cylinders through the method known as displacement. We then applied our schema and drew out the formula for density, which

The purpose of this experiment was to find, compare, and contrast the mass, volume, and densities of copper and zinc pennies. Information about the pennies was acquired before the start of the lab. The pre-lab research stated that any pennies that were minted before 1982 are composed of pure copper, while any pennies after 1982 are made out of zinc. The densities of copper -- 8.96 grams per centimeters cubed -- and zinc -- 7.13 grams per centimeters cubed -- were also information that was acquired before starting the experiment. With knowing the density of the two metals, this hypothesis was formed: If the mass and volume of pennies made out of zinc and copper are both measured, then the copper pennies will have a greater mass, because copper has a greater density than zinc. This hypothesis was formed because density equals mass over volume and if the mass is greater in an object that has the same volume, then the density of the object will be greater than the other.

Is the penny real relevant in our economy? There is no real need for the penny. People think pennies are a waste of tax money. Other people think that penny's are a good thing. Pennies should no longer be made because they cost more money, wastes money, and It's easier to pay.

Different metals have different mass and volumes. The mass and volume of something effect the density of the metal. If pennies made before and after 1982 have different densities, they are most likely made out of different metals. The independent variable is the year the pennies were made. The dependent variables are the density, volume and mass of the pennies. The controlled variables are the number of pennies, the instruments used for measurement and the environment in which the pennies are measured.

In this case, it's how many drops I can get onto a penny without the water spilling off. Controlled Variables: These are things that I keep the same throughout all of the experiments to make sure that my results are actually due to the changes in the independent variable, not some other random change you made. I used the same penny and dropper. Procedure:

made supported one another. For instance, we observed that the red powder turned black when heat was applied, therefore Oxygen from

What is density? Density is the degree of compactness of a substance. The density formula is D=Mass divided by Volume. While doing this experiment you will need a graduated cylinder, electric balance and water displacement method to find the density of pennies after 1982. Water displacement is the volume in measure of the amount of space an object takes up. The differences between pennies before 1982 and after 1982 is after 1982 the government decided to put less copper because copper was way to expensive. Pennies before 1982 contained 95% copper, zinc 5% so then after 1982 they started using 95% zinc, and 5% copper. The objective of the lab was to find the density of a penny after 1982 to compare how big the difference was from before 1982

The aim of my experiment was to see how glow sticks would be affected by different temperatures. I chose this topic because I wanted to find out why some of my glow sticks last longer than others. My independent variable was the temperature of the glow sticks, and my dependent variable was how long the glow sticks would continue to glow after they were snapped. The hypothesis that I came up with was that if glow sticks are held at a higher temperature, then they will burn out faster.

The data was organized into two different groups ozonated and control plants with the plants on both greenhouses being numbered 1-12 as shown in fig 3.On the bottom of chart I did calculations for averages, standard deviation and T-test. As shown in Fig. 3 there are 4 zeros on the Ozonated and one zero on control. This was a result of them being duds and not being able to work with them. Looking at how the data in the fig. 5 you see that the control always seems to be one step ahead then the ozonated radishes. Now if we remove the zeros it’s a slightly different story. Looking at figure 4 we see that the average for day 5 that the ozonated radishes has a higher plant average. This is only because with the 4 zeros being removed the 1.1, 1.58, 1.9 all weigh down the average for the whole chart. Also, I noticed that in figure 6 that the gap between the two has shrunken drastically.This is because the four zeros wore down the ozonated bar down compared to only one zero in the control group. Also looking at the t-test it shows that most if not all the data was by chance so this experiment may not be valid at

In this lab we are measuring the amount of energy that is contained in various snack foods. This is usually listed in the nutrition label on the back of any contained foods as a Calorie. Its listed as the amount of Calories in a product per serving. One Calorie is equal to 4,184 Joules. Joules is a measure of heat energy. We will also need to know what specific heat is. It is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.

The investigation is shown to be valid as it incorporates the use of proper equipment and the investigation correctly tests the hypothesis. The use of proper equipment determines the validity of the investigation, due to the fact that the correct equipment ensures the appropriate units of measurements, for example the use of a ruler as the appropriate instrument to measure the length of the dependent variable. The experiment was also valid as the investigation had measured what it had intended to measure which was testing whether the Home-brand paper towels are more absorbent than the Kleenex Viva paper towels, the procedure presented actually did test the hypothesis by comparing the absorbance of the paper towels.

The independent variable is the varying exercise times (2 minutes, 5minutes, 7 minutes, and 10 minutes) and the test subjects (human vs dog). The dependent variable is the CO2 output. The hypothesis is that the human will have a higher output of CO2 for longer compared to the dog and that the dog will get closer to its control faster than the human. If the CO2 output of a dog and a human are compared for the same type of exercise, then the dog will have less of a CO2 output and will get closer to its control CO2 faster because dogs have to exert less energy to move themselves because they use four legs to run instead of two.