Generalization In Children With Autism Essay

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be portrayed toward critical impairments in social interaction. It also includes restricted repeated behaviors, interests and activities. (Mayo Clinic staff, 2014)

According to Kids Health (2014), “children with Autism have difference in the way their brains develop and process information”. For example, “language delay, trouble communicating with their brains, perform certain unusual or repetitive behaviors, or have difficulties learning in school” (p. 1).

Autism could be described by Piaget 's two-factor theory of figurative and operative functions. Several autistic children exhibit an arrest in operative functions at the

Mastering social skills and interaction is a challenge for children living with autism. Autistic children often do not play with other children. Part of this is noticed during the early developmental stages of childhood. Autistic children are often referred as off in a world of their own, unaware of people or events around them. Children with autism have difficulties in verbal and with non-verbal communication, social interactions and leisure activities. Autistic children have sensory disorders that affect how they interact with objects and people around them. They possibly will experience sensitivities in the five senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell. “Many children with autism have unusual sensitivities to sounds, sights, touch, taste and smells. High-pitched intermittent sounds, such as fire alarm or school bells, may be painful to these children. Scratchy fabrics and clothing tags may also be intolerable, and some children have visual sensitivities to the flickering of fluorescent lights (autism-society).” The lack of social skills can create behaviors in autistic children.

Autism Spectrum Disorder affects various aspects of an autistic child’s life. Many children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder every year, while others go undiagnosed for an extended time, or even for their whole life. A child exhibiting delays in language benchmarks or showing little interest in the surroundings should be examined for possible ASD. Language is often impaired and although the level of impairment can range from severe too unnoticeable in each child, a child is likely to have a delay in another area, like coordination of motor skills, if not in language. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that causes impairments in various aspects of language development.

Children With Autism Children with autism have the possibility to improve greatly, and some even overcome the effects of autism if appropriate therapies are begun early enough. A multifaceted disorder, autism has long baffled professionals and parents alike. At a point in time, doctors gave parents absolutely no hope for the recovery of their children. But recently, new treatments and therapies have shown that improvement is possible. With early intervention, intensive care, some children have if not fully recovered, improved, and have been integrated into schools, indistinguishable from their peers.

Perception refers to the process of taking in, organizing, and interpreting sensory data. Perception is multimodal, with multiple sensory inputs contributing to motor responses (Bertenthal 1996). In this paper, I will discuss the many differences between people with autism and the people without and how each person reacts to the same stimuli differently. I will focus on a teenage boy named Brandon, who has Autism, the parents have known that he had ASD since he was 16 months of age where they entered him into early intervention. Each person focuses differently on the perception of each thing in the world, but when you add a person with autism into the mix everything changes completely. When it comes to perception I believe that top-down processing is going to be the focus of this paper since, it has a lot to do with perception, that perception may start with the brain this includes a person’s knowledge, experience, and expectation.

It has been suggested that the poor performance is primarily a function of information complexity. As the complexity increases, ASD performance decreases generally regardless of specific task constraints. According to this theory, “decreased cortical connectivity in ASD leads to stimulus-focused processing rather than an integrated, top-down approach” (Worsham, Gray, Larson, and South 2014).

This disorder affects an individual’s ability to communicate, understand language, and relate to others (NICHCY, 2010). Children with Autism take longer to pick up on social cues and have tough time reading what others are thinking and feeling. They have difficulty construing emotions and facial expressions of others as well. Children with Autism often experience developmental delays in speech. More severe cases of Autism can have an affect in the individual’s ability to communicate, so the use of communication systems such as sign language, electronic word processors, and speech generated devices are beneficial (Autism Speaks, N.D.). Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder have difficulty adjusting to changes in their routine, express unusual actions when playing with toys and objects, and may

Most parents wonder what is the next chapter for their child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) after they graduate from high school. For some individuals, it is to move onto higher education. As stated by Cai and Richdale (2015), the USA has one of the lowest rates of college enrollment for individuals with ASD, with over 50% of these individuals being in neither education nor employment following their secondary school (p. 31). Individuals with ASD who move forward in gaining a higher education will have to learn to adapt and determine how to transition into higher education. Mentioned by Cai and Richdale (2015), a USA national survey illustrated poor outcomes from transitioning from secondary school into adult-hood. The findings show that after young adults with ASD left the public school system, 80% live at home, 32% attended postsecondary education, only 6% had competitive jobs, and 21% had no employment or education experience at all. In addition, 40% reported having no friends. (p. 32)

Autism affects the individuals’ social interactions and the social construction of the world (National Autistic society, 2015). Children with Autism follow a different developmental pattern from other children and develop at the different rate. It could be understood as a social/psychological disability. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) – is a neurological condition that affects the way a person experiences and interacts with the world. Children with Autism spectrum disorder have problems with communication, imagination and interaction. This disability affects 1 in 100 children. There are around 100.000 children with Autism in the United Kingdom itself. To recognize Autism Spectrum Disorder theory of mind could be used to answer the question how children with Autism can be supported in education. Some of the answers could be Makaton and The Transporter systems.

Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (IASD) are one group of people thought to ‘see the world differently.’ Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed when behavior is characterized by persistent difficulties with social communication and social interaction, in addition to restricted, and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests (RRBIs; DSM-V, American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Although it is not currently included in the diagnostic criteria, atypical visual processing has also been indicated as part of the ASD phenotype (Brundson & Happe, 2014). A large number of studies have investigated local and global processing in ASD; however, the literature is marked with inconsistent findings.While it is generally agreed upon that global-local processing is atypical in ASD, the precise

1. I used the search terms “parent implemented intervention ABA” on the One Search database. I used this research article because it met criteria for the assignment. Authors of the article discuss a study they conducted on parent implemented joint attention intervention for children with autism. The reference is:

Autism, which wasn 't used as a medical term until 1911 by a Swiss psychiatrist by the name of Eugene Bleuler, was originally used to describe symptoms of schizophrenia (“History of Autism,” n.d.). Not until the 1940 's was it used to describe symptoms of children with social and emotional difficulties (“History of Autism,” n.d.). Around this same time, Asperger 's syndrome, named after Hans Asperger, was identified (“History of Autism,” n.d.). Throughout this time, autism and schizophrenia remained as associated disorders (“History of Autism,” n.d.). By the 1960 's autism became known as its own separate disorder, and was no longer associated with schizophrenia (“History of Autism,” n.d.). Up until the 1980 's autism was treated in a severe manner. Treatment included electric shock treatment and LSD (“History of Autism,” n.d.). Finally, by the 1980 's autism was beginning to be better understood and more promising treatments became available.

Autism is associated with a range of differences and difficulties typically related to core skills in reciprocal social interaction, communication and imagination