Perchlorate: Drinking Water Contaminant

chlorine is a chemical element, its roughly basic ( 90 ). Naturally chemically reactive, chlorines is combined with other elements and compounds has been used to produce essential products. Chlorine was discovered in 1774, by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, he observed a greenish gas when he combined manganese dioxide and hydrochloric acid. Carl Wilhelm Scheele thought the gas contained oxygen. Carl didn’t realize that had generated an unknown chemical element. In 1810 a British scientist called Sir Humphrey Davey identified the gas as a distinct chemical element and he was the one who called it “chlorine”. Chlorine is a naturally reactive chemical element that can bond readily with any other substances to form a vast array of a useful compound. Chlorine has a melting point of 155.6 degree ( c ) and boils at 100.1 degree (c ). It may be produced by the direction of its elements at 225 degree ( c ). The symbol of chlorine in the periodic table is ( CI ) and its atomic number is 17 while it has a mass of 35.4527amu. people uses chlorine mostly in water in specific in swimming pools. This essay will talk about why do people use chlorine in the swimming pool and the disadvantages of chlorine and how it affects the human body.

Inorganic chemicals is one of most important causes to water pollutants. These inorganic pollutants naturally found in environment but due to human develepment activities, these pollutant amount has been increasing rapidly and released into water bodies. The most common inorganic pollutants from water are ammonium, phosphorus, arsenic, cadmiun, zinc, lead etc. It is highly toxic to human and environment (Choi et al., 2011). The inorganic pollutant such as ammonia and phosphorus promote eutrophication, which excessive amounts of these inorganic pollutant releasing into the water can accelerate this phenomena in a few years (Donald M et al., 2002). The overgrowth of plants and subsequent death have been created green layer on the surface of water bodies. These layer can be blocked the penetration of light and oxidation process into the water bodies. Thus, depletion of dissolved oxygen can be occurred in the water and affected aquatic life. The death and decay of aquatic life contribute unpleasant smells and increasing the turbidity of water bodies (Conley et al., 2009). In additional, the heavy metal such as arsenic can causes skin, lung, bladder, and kidney cancer as well as pigmentation changes, skin thickening (hyperkeratosis) neurological disorders, muscular weakness, loss of appetite, and nausea (Mohan and Pittman, 2007). The long term exposure to cadmium causes various types of acute and chronic disorders like pulmonary odema, erythrocyte destruction, skeletal

The very chemicals that are used to treat our water to kills deadly toxins are the same chemicals that can pose health problems when digested for a period of time (EPA 2013). For instance, excessive consumption of fluoride over a lifetime may lead to increased likelihood of bone fractures in adults, and tooth enamel pits in young children. Lead consumption leads to physical and mental development in children and mercury consumption leads to kidney damage. (Birmingham Water Works).

A half-mile neighborhood, in the town of Woburn, has a staggering 8 cases of Leukemia amongst children -- a rate that is three times the national average. These cases were discovered following the construction of local Wells G and H, both of which received complaints of water quality. Upon investigation, we discovered that the contamination of both of the wells is likely a significant factor in the health of Woburn residents. Pollutants used by companies in the area, trichloroethylene, are known to cause Leukemia. The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Engineering discovered high amounts of trichloroethylene in wells G and well H. This chemical is commonly as a cleaning fluid -- the most efficient way to dispose of it being to simply discard the waste into a secluded body of water. In the case of Woburn, trichloroethylene seeped into soil which would later contaminate the water in both wells after they were built. Following the infrastructure of the water supply, the contaminated drinking water made its way to the neighborhood that would later experience the tragic loss of two children, and the following diagnosis of Leukemia in 6 others. We are hereby setting out to prove that the

What effect did each of the contaminants have on the water in the experiment? Which contaminant seemed to have the most potent effect on the water?

“Eighty-six percent of water bottles end up in landfills or in the ocean” (Sexton & Morley). The National Resource Defense Council (NRDC) tested over 1,000 bottles of water to find out what kind of water was really in the bottle (Jemmott). They found out that an estimated 25% or more of bottled water is really just tap water in a bottle (Olson). It is sometimes treated more, sometimes not. Also the NRDC tested water for contaminants. Most didn’t have any but 22% of the brands contained chemical contaminants (Olson). Most of these chemicals were strict above the state health limits. If the water inside the bottle becomes contaminated the producers don’t have to let the consumers know. Although many people believe plastic bottles are convenient, nevertheless they can extremely harm you because of the chemicals in the plastic and is also causing harm to the earth.

The city of Stockton’s water cleaning company uses “chloramines which are not as chemically active as chlorine” to filter their tap water system (recordnet.com). However, due to the drought and lack of water many of the chloramines compounded together and became toxic. Moving on, Chloramine is a compound made up of very low concentration of chlorine and ammonia. However, large quantity of chloramine can be harmful since the chlorine can compound onto each other, which develops trichloramine (recordnet.com). Trichloramine can cause redness in the eye, irritation of the skin, and if ingested in large quantity, the respiratory system can be damaged. Moving on, the water contamination in Stockton effects all the residents in North Stockton only. Despite that the water contamination is only in North Stockton, the residents are taking precaution to using their tap water due to the unsure effects of ingesting the contaminated

Tap water is often "cleansed" with chlorine. Once thought to be a great and benign water cleanser even for drinking water, chlorine has now been linked in numerous studies to causing cancer if consumed for an extended period of time. Tap water delivery systems of cities, towns, and municipalities are often out of date, dirty, and rusting and pass along filth such as rust into the tap water supply. Government regulations also arguably do not set low enough "safe levels of consumption" for potential harmful

Experiments were done on the water quality and the contamination of groundwater. First, I observed the effects that different pollutants had on groundwater. I predicted that the experiments with the oil and vinegar would create the most contaminations to the water. When the laundry detergent were mixed with the groundwater, it created a light green color with a pleasant smell. The second water treatment experiment were about filtering techniques to remove contaminants from water. I predicted to drain the water by removing all the contaminants

Although municipal water can contain a vast array of contaminants, several continued to repeatedly show up in water of the cities studied. Among the most frequently found contaminants were Arsenic, mentioned earlier, and other toxic chemicals such as radon, the rocket fuel perchlorate and other carcinogens, which may cause skin problems, birth defects, reproductive problems and even cancer. High Volumes of Lead were found, which enters the drinking water supplies from the corrosion of old pipes and

Groundwater contamination has many far reaching environmental, political, societal and economic effects. Groundwater contamination, while obviously potentially detrimental to human wellbeing, can have a large impact on localities in any region of the world. When toxic agents are introduced into a groundwater system it puts all local wildlife in immediate danger. This includes the health of both flora and fauna near or in the flow from the source of contamination. Human health can also be impacted by this type of contamination. Toxic agents, in my example specifically tetrachloroethene (PCE), have many harmful effects on human health including affecting the central nervous system, causing cancers and causing pulmonary edema (Tetrachloroethylene Toxicity, 2017).

To develop a better understanding of water contamination, a field comparison between two separate water sources was conducted. The first water sample was gathered from the Simmons Park Pond and the second from a NES water fountain. The data gathered from this experiment was used to answer several questions regarding the prevalence of contamination in nearby water sources. The field analysis ultimately concluded what contaminants had the greatest prevalence, thereby exemplifying the defining differences between the two water sources.

In the surface water samples (lake and mountain samples), there were coliform bacteria contaminants and nitrate contaminants. More specifically, the lake water sample had coliform bacteria contaminants, and the mountain water sample had nitrate contaminants.

The purpose of my experiment is to find a good way to extract oil from water. My reason for asking this question is because I love animals and I want to keep them safe. Also, when I went on a whale watching trip I loved watching them jump with their calves in the blue waters and I don't want the whales dying just because we aren't careful about what we put in the ocean.

PCBs were both released into the water and soil. However, the surface water and sediment samples did not contain PCBs, they contained other metals and SVOCs. The soil located West of the refinery contained three times the magnitude of PCBs that were allowed.