Percutaneous Thermal Ablation Paper

For lesions > 3 cm TACE should be preferred because its effectiveness appears to be better in well-vascularized tumors with large feeding arteries and the possible advantage of DEBs-TACE over lipiodol-TACE should be investigated in future studies. Also the role of alternative treatments such as MWA and TARE needs to be investigated in a larger number of patients. But it must be clear that the use of any type of treatment as a Downstaging tool in patients with decompensated liver should be cautiously to avoid irreversible liver failure and severe complications precluding LT. ( Clavien PA et al.,2012).

Surgery is the oldest type of treatment for cancer. In its earlier use, surgery was not as successful as it is today. This was due to the difficulties involved with the anesthesias, excessive blood loss,

Pingpank determined that regional treatment is the most effective therapy for destroying peritoneal mesothelioma without damaging surrounding healthy tissue.

59). Dr. Holmes, who uses ARM, offers a similar solution for reducing metastatic risk. After surgery, he uses anti-cancer medications, and sometimes radiation therapy to kill remnant cancer-cells in the ARM nodes. However, this is already common practice for surgeons after they perform surgery on any of their cancer patients. This may indicate that for some reason, surgeons are still not comfortable with leaving cancer-cells in ARM nodes. If a patient’s surgeon does not practice ARM for this reason, it would be beneficiary to ask him/her about whether NAC could be an option and also why standard anti-cancer treatments do not alleviate his/her concerns about ARM’s oncological safety.

If any of the steps in the venipuncture procedure are not followed correctly it can cause many problems for the patient and the health care team. The patient can experience redness, soreness, bruising and even more serious conditions like nerve damage. A patient can also experience an allergic reaction to latex or medications. There can also be a lot of problems and setbacks for the health care team if these steps are not followed properly, such as miscommunication, misidentification of a patient, wrong lab draws and even wrong tube

Why would you want to use PDT? It has no long-term side effects. It’s less invasive than surgery. PDT only takes a little time, compared to other treatments. It can target the cancer very accurately. PDT can repeat many times at the same place if the cancer doesn’t go away, unlike radiation. There’s often little or no scarring after the place that has been treated heals. It usually costs less than other cancer treatments. However, PDT can only treat areas where light can reach, so it’s mainly used to treat problems on or just under the skin, or in organs that can be reached by light. Because light can’t travel very far through the body, PDT can’t be used to treat large cancers or cancers that have grown deeply into the skin or other organs.

All except one patient had a complete excision of tumor. There were no major surgical complications.

According to Middleton, Teefey and Darcy,8 TIPS placement is successful in about 90% of patients, but does hold a complication rate of 10-16%. Research has shown that placement of TIPS as a secondary treatment for variceal bleeding has produced encouraging results. In 13 random clinical trials, including over 900 patients, recurrent variceal bleeding rates were 9-40%, which is superior to endoscopic treatments that have recurrent bleeding rates from 20-60%. This success rate has made TIPS procedures more utilized in the setting of variceal bleeding. Additionally, the same clinical trials indicate that ascites reduction after shunting ranges from 38-84%, which is favorable to large volume paracentesis that reported rates of 0-43%. “Compared with large-volume paracentesis, TIPS improved transplant-free survival and the incidence of recurrent ascites in cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites.”26 There is evidence of an increase in the development of HE in patients who undergo TIPS, whereas endoscopic treatment does not show an increase. Furthermore, HE is twice as likely to occur when paracentesis is performed. An important consideration is that the complication rate for hepatic encephalopathy does increase with TIPS usage whereas it doesn’t with endoscopic treatment and it is twice as likely to occur as when paracentesis is performed.28 Presently, TIPS is often used as a temporary solution for patients who are

TIPS is a less invasive procedure done to the patient who has liver disease like cirrhosis. A connection is placed within the liver and extended to the portal vein. This helps to reduce pressure between the portal vein and circulatory system. When placing tips, the right jugular vein is normally accessed and a standard catheter is inserted through the vena cava to the right hepatic vein. A puncture from right hepatic vein through the liver to the portal vein is made using a needle, and a shunt is placed.

and sepsis (Gall et al., 2015). Whether or not the patient had a DP or Whipple procedure,

Clinical trials evaluating the use of Yttrium-90 (Y-90) transarterial radioembolization for hepatic tumors date back to the 1960s. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of TheraSphere® (BTG, Ontario, Canada) particles for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via humanitarian device exemption (HDE) in 1999 and SIR-Spheres® (SIRTex Technology Pty, Lane Cove, Australia) particles for colorectal cancer metastases in 2002. Since then….[talk more about recent vents in the field]. Transarterial radioembolization has been reported to improve overall survival to 15.4-17.2 months (1). The burgeoning use of Y-90 radioembolization in the treatment of liver tumors requires interventional radiologists to make clear documentation in procedure reports in order to obtain authorization and maximize reimbursement.

Abdominal (liver shunt ligation, septic abdomen, R & A using stapler device, cholecystectomy, liver biopsy/liver lobectomy, adrenal gland removal, multiple tissue biopsies...)

According to a study made in 2004, T2D complications will lead to hospitalization at some stage, causing an increase in the direct and indirect medical expenditures. -For caring for the patient-2

Theoretical advantages of induction CT include; better treatment compliance, ability to deliver full systemic doses of CT with possibility of tumor shrinking that facilitate more effective local treatment. The tumor shrinkage potentially improves tumor vascularity with eventually improving oxygenation and increase intratumoral concentration of cytotoxic drugs [8, 9].

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common diseases, with an increasing incidence. With new and advanced surgical instrumentation and techniques, several curative therapies have become successful. The HCC patients are treated according to the stage of Liver tumor. For very early stage of HCC, the very first choice of therapy is liver resection but it is later being replaced by local ablative therapy which is useful as a bridging therapy toward liver transplantation and also as a replacement therapy for liver transplant when conditions are not feasible. However, liver transplantation provides better results in the HCC patients whose tumor meet the Milan criteria. The main obstacle towards the successful treatment is the HCC recurrence and at present there is no successful ways of treating and preventing HCC recurrence. For intermediate-stage HCC, the transarterial therapy is considered suitable. These surgical therapies not only provides suitable outcomes but also recovers the quality of life of HCC patients. Because of the complications of HCC, the surgical therapeutic approaches must be considered according to the tumor stage of each individual patient. The article presents an overview of treatment therapies for both early and advanced stage HCC based on the extensive review of the relevant literature.