Percy : An African American Chemist, Inventor, And Businessman

Page 9-13: He first starts how he was privileged as a white by talking about how he his family was able to easily gain an apartment with the help of his grandfather, who was established way before because he was white. Also the complex was segregated at first and so even after the end of the “apartheid” it was still hard for the people of color to come in. He then talks about how he was able to gain a sweet job which would lead to his stardom as an antiracist activist. But the only way he ever got this job was because he knew two people. Two people he met a Tulane, his college. And the fact that he was able to go to Tulane was in itself because of white privilege. It was because he was white that his mother was able to easily gain a loan. And this loan was only gained because his mother’s family being white was able to have a house to use for collateral for the loan.

Let me introduce you to a man named Elbert Frank Cox. Cox was a very skilled mathematician and through his ability in his field, changed how people may perceive African Americans and proved to people that your skin tone doesn't make you any more or less capable as anyone else. Being the first African-American man to receive a Ph.D. in mathematics represented much more than his intellectual power, but also that anyone can one day be just like him, if not better.

Washington had three jobs before becoming a teacher, which consisted of carrying sacks of grains to a plantation mill, working in a salt mine with his step-father, and he was also a houseboy for Viola Ruffner in 1866. Viola saw the determination of wanting to learn in Booker’s face, in two years she grew to understand him. Eventually she allowed him to attend school for an hour a day during winter. When Booker T. Washington’s became a teacher, he taught African- Americans how to make themselves even more valuable to their community than they were recognized for. The name of the school was Tuskegee University, he was recommended by General Armstrong to run the school. Washington took on that responsibility and help raise money and promote the school, while doing that he reassured whites that the programs within this school would not threaten white supremacy or pose any economic competition to whites.

Horace Julian Bond was born in Nashville, Tennessee, in 1940, he moved to Pennsylvania with his family at 5 years of age in 1945, when his father, Horace Bond, transformed into the principle African-American pioneer of Lincoln University. Exactly when Julian was 17, the family returned toward the South, where Horace Julian Bond filled in as the dignitary of preparing at Atlanta University. As an understudy at Morehouse College, Julian set up an insightful magazine called The Pegasus. He was one of the few people that help set up the magazine. He was also an intern for Time Magazine. While at Morehouse College he helped organize the committee on Appeal for Human Rights. The civil rights organization had various violent free protests that helped lead to the integration of Atlanta’s theaters, parks , and lunch counters.

Carter G Woodson, the oldest of nine in a poor coal mining family found his love of learning early. Earning a Masters’ degree only one year after earning a bachelor’s degree, he quickly followed in the footsteps of great minds and earned his PhD from Harvard University. He had a very well rounded and multifaceted educational journey according to the text, but felt most connected to furthering the pursuit of excellence for all African Americans through the creation of journals, organizations, and eventually continuing on in higher education with the African American in mind. He is credited with Black History week. In light of the time in history wherein he flourished, it is fitting that he was part of the movement that resulted in the creation of the NAACP (iv-v). In short, he objectively appears to single handedly be the father of the African American social awareness movement.

She allowed him to go to school for an hour a day during the winter months. He began to realize that his calm, respectful, and obedient morals helped him climb in the social and educational hierarchy. He traveled long and far in order to receive a higher education at Hampton Normal Agricultural Institute in Virginia. He convinced the school administrators to let him attend classes there and took a job as a janitor to help pay his tuition. The school 's founder and headmaster, General Samuel C. Armstrong, soon discovered the boy’s determination and offered him a scholarship that was sponsored by a white man. Growing up, Booker payed attention to all of the racial injustice around him. In his personal experiences, the discrimination was lessened by his submissiveness to whites. Although he had more privileges than many other colored people, he urged his people to befriend white people in order to receive for opportunities just as he did. He explained this in his 1895 speech, “‘To those who underestimate the importance of cultivating friendly relations with the Southern white man, who is their next-door neighbor, I would say: ‘Cast down your bucket where you are’ －cast it down in making friends in every manly way of the people of all races by whom we are surrounded.” (Washington) He believed that in order to do this, allowing segregation and obeying what whites had established would create a bond and create friendships.

Thurgood Marshal came from a family that were once slaves, including his father and grandfather. Marshall set a precedence of achievement all through school and had further educational ambitions. He grew up in an average income home.

Another one of his more influential occupations was “he became the principal of The Stanton School” (“NAACP History: James Weldon Johnson.” NAACP, www.NAACP.org/). Because this was and all black school, he was able to influence young African-Americans of his ideas of expressing themselves through art, music, and literature. He also expanded his influence on more children when he added a high school The Stanton

There has been much debate over Booker T. Washington and the effectiveness of his work at Tuskegee Institute. Some believe that he was a pioneer for black education in a time when few had the opportunity. Others believe that his conformity to the white ideal of what a black man should be hindered his ability to create real social change for his race. In his autobiography, Up From Slavery, Washington maps out his life from its humble beginnings as a slave up through the success of his school, Tuskegee Institute. He is quick to drop names of the important white businessmen and prominent citizens to ensure their support for his school. However, he is also quick to push his students to be productive members of their society. Through

Daniel H. Williams took a stand by going to college to get a good education in a time where “colored” people had very few options for schooling. Daniel began his education in Hollidaysburg; then studied in Maryland, at the Freedmen's Bureau's Stanton School, and later in Janesville, Wisconsin, at

During the most volatile times in American history, when African Americans had reached the breaking point and made the commitment to forever change the way society treated them, John Lewis had a huge impact on the civil rights movement. John lead peaceful protests, inspired thousands, and changed the world. As John started growing, he began to notice things weren’t fair, such as how the whites had a playground and the blacks had a dirt field, how the roads only got paved if the whites would need to go there. John’s parents didn't want him to make any waves because they were fine with their lives, but he wasn't. There were many turning points in John Lewis’s life. When he got his first bible he decided to become a preacher. When he leaves Alabama

“ I have learned that success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has had to overcome while trying to succeed.” That was a quote by the man of patience himself, Mr. Booker T. Washington.He was born into slavery in Virginia in 1856. During his early life and education he did many influential things. In 1888, he was selected the head of the Tuskegee Institute which was founded in Alabama. It was a kind of vocational school that was created to to give black people the necessary moral skills that were needed to make them successful in life.

At Tuskegee University, which he founded, he pushed for students to learn tangible crafts, such as industrial and farming skills. He wanted his students to acquire the virtues of perseverance, innovativeness, and frugality so that they could grow as individuals and realize their self-worth. Essentially, these virtues, in addition to economic prosperity, proved to white people in the south that blacks could be valuable members of society.

William Edward Burghart DuBois, more commonly known as W.E.B. DuBois, was born February 23, 1868. Raised in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, he grew up in what was considered to be a moderately well integrated and tolerant community. His mother’s family was included in the miniscule population of free black people— because of this, he was certainly considered privileged as opposed to people of color who were much less fortunate or who lived in highly segregated communities. DuBois attended the town’s local public school, both elementary and high school levels, and excelled. His teachers recognized his abilities and often encouraged him in his academic pursuits. DuBois graduated at the top of his class in 1884, and he was determined to attend college as well. DuBois was set on attending Harvard, however, he didn’t have the funds available to do so. With receiving donations of twenty five dollars a year from from four different congregational churches in his hometown of Great Barrington, DuBois was able to attend Fisk University instead.

Based on sociocultural phenomenon of cultural gender, and identity Booker T. Washington recruited Carver for his all black genius in 1896 (Harlan, L. R., 1982). Through a systematic campaign for black man training at one of the best agricultural colleges in the country. George Washington Carver during the next two terms of Washington’s self-governing rules of Tuskegee discovering that Carver’s incapable of real-world, and the long progression of repetitive farm duties for success may have not only apply in the administration, but in a classroom setting for teaching as well. Being confirmed by enemy leaders of the agricultural department. The scars I believe George Washington Carver endured demanded to repair his image based on structuring the