Perforated Peptic Ulcer Essay

A gastroenterologist saw Stephen and ordered a GI endoscopy. The procedure was performed and discovered a perforated ulcer in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Balderas (2011) asserted that although patients with an upper GI bleeding, it has shown that performing endoscopy in these patient populations is relatively safe, and there was no increased risk of adverse consequences. The UGI ulcer was the effect of the high dose ibuprofen that he was taking. Surgery was performed to patch the ulcer.

ulcer causes the patient to suffer with pain, disfigurement, and prevents them from their daily

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that inhabits the human stomach and has been linked as a risk factor for chronic gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. H. pylori is able to survive in the acidic environment of the stomach due to its urease enzyme which converts the urea in gastric juice to alkaline ammonia and carbon dioxide. Infection with H. pylori is generally contracted during childhood and can persist indefinitely if untreated. Possible risk factors for H. pylori infection include poor diet, poor hygiene, density, low socioeconomic status (SES), and family history of gastric disease. Studies have found an increased risk of infection with consuming food prepared under unsanitary conditions and a reduced risk with increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. Poor hygiene

Peptic ulcer causes sores to the stomach and the beginning of the small intestines due off acid (hyperacidity) or bacteria. Also certain pain medications can be a trigger. Symptoms may include pain in the upper abdomen, gas, indigestion, heartburn, and vomiting. Treatment for a peptic ulcer includes certain medication, antibiotic for bacteria, and change of diet.

When found in the pyloric antrum H. pylori causes duodenal ulcers and when in the corpus, or body of the stomach, H. pylori can cause gastric ulcers and gastric carcinoma (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). Helicobacter pylori can be detected by a blood test, urea breath test, stool antigen test, and/or stomach biopsy done during an endoscopy (“Helicobacter Pylori Tests”). When treating Helicobacter pylori, patients will typically be given three medications (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). The use of the three medications is called triple therapy (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). One example of a triple therapy used to treat H. pylori is the use of Omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, along with clarithromycin and amoxicillin, antibiotics (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). However, a patient may be given substitute proton pump inhibitors, such as pantoprazole or rabeprazole, if they are allergic to omeprazole (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). Substitute antibiotics may also be prescribed if the patient is allergic to amoxicillin, such as, metronidazole (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). Through research, triple therapies have been found to have better results in curing H. pylori than monotherapies or dual therapies (Fuccio et al. 746-747). The triple therapy must be taken for at least seven days and in some cases up to 14 days (“Helicobacter pylori,” Wikipedia). Eating yogurt that contains Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium has also been shown to increase the rate at which H. pylori is cured (“Helicobacter pylori,”

People who often experience a combination of gas, bloating, and other stomach problems may have a condition called Leaky Gut Syndrome. Leaky Gut Syndrome is a term that is used in the medical community as an indication that someone is experiencing frequent stomach problems, but the cause of those problems is unknown. Because the medical community knows little about how the gut works, the phrase “Leaky Gut Syndrome” is used to refer to the complications that people experience in their digestive system in a way that the cause of those problems is not definitive. The lack of data means this turns out to be a guessing game for the doctor who is face to face with a patient who has “Leaky Gut Syndrome”. Although there is a lack of evidence surrounding the condition, there are a few idea’s in the medical

Stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD), an acute erosive gastritis that may potentially lead to stress ulcers and/or stress-related injuries, remain a significant concern for patients within the critical care setting.1 The initiation of anti-secretory therapy (AST) for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) within the critical care setting has gained widespread use as it has been noted to protect against SRMD and clinically important gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.2 Although the use of these agents is well established in the critical care setting, several research studies have confirmed the extensive and inappropriate use of AST in both intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients, based on current recommendations.3

According to XX, common causes of epigastric tenderness include; gastritis, esophagitis, esophageal spasms, epigastric hernia, GERD, peptic ulcer disease, with or without bleeding, pancreatitis and hiatal hernia. A gastric ulcer is an ulceration or breakdown in the stomach or duodenal lining. The symptoms of a gastric ulcer include dull and burning recurrent abdominal pain in the epigastric region which can be exacerbated by food. Antacids or milk may relieve the pain. In the additional history, it states that the patient describes his pain as burning. The epigastric pain is relieved by eating, especially drinking milk, but returns two hours after eating. In this case scenario, food intake, especially milk is a relieving factor, not an exacerbating factor. The patient history states he denies early satiety, anorexia or weight loss. He states he has had dyspepsia in the past, but his present symptoms are much worse. The factors that damage the gastric mucosal barrier include use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cigarette smoking, glucocorticoids, H. Pylori, alcohol consumption and stress. The patient states he has been taking an NSAID (Tylenol) for two months due to a knee injury. He smokes a pack a day, drinking three mixed drinks a day and has increased stress due to a recent job change. .So, he has many exacerbating factors for the development of a gastric or duodenal ulcer. The bacteria Helicobacter

Prevalence of duodenal and gastric ulcers in patients with liver cirrhosis increases as the disease progress[11] and this prevalence becomes higher in decompensated cirrhosis than in compensated cirrhosis [12]. Currently, PPIs are the mainstay treatment option of peptic ulcers in the

Answer: The process started with the observation of Dr. Barry Marshall’s observation of his patients going through antibiotic therapy for non-related ailments. Dr Marshall then hypothesized that helicobacter pylori was the causation of peptic ulcer disease and not the end byproduct of inflammations. The researchers then used research and study of inflamed stomach mucosa through a period of antibiotic regimen to

Preventing pressure ulcers is important ,because as they are open wonders, and as such they hold a high risk of infection that can easily lead to things such as blood poison over time. If left untreated or noted patient's health can turn of stable to critical in a matter of hours or days depending on the severity of the sour.

It is important to note that duodenal and gastric ulcers reoccur in up to 80% of patient treated with drugs to reduce gastric acid but, not treated to reduce or eradicate the H pylori infection (Woo & Robinson, 2015). In the case of Mr. TJ, there is a possibility that the H pylori infection was not completely eradicated. In the treatment of PUD, the goals include eradication of H pylori which can be achieved by a triple or quadruple drug regimen that combines bismuth subsalicylate and antimicrobial therapy. The antimicrobials usually used for the treatment of H. pylori include clarithromycin, tetracycline, Amoxicillin, levofloxacin and metronidazole. Other goals of therapy are the prevention of relapse, reduction of symptoms, prevention of

First, the risk of uncomplicated peptic ulcer linked to acute or chronic use of NSAIDS and/or aspirin. Secondly, the efficacy of anti-secretory treatment with the use of PPI or H2blockers on these drug induced ulcers (Pilotto, et al., 2004) The brief literature review provided context and support for the study, along with gaps from previous studies, such as the efficacy of concomitantly use of anti-ulcers and aspirin to prevent GI injuries in a short term period (Pilotto, et al., 2004). I could not find any procedures used to protect the participants during the

Helicobacter Pylori or H. Pylori is a type of bacteria that invades the body and infects the digestive tract. It was discovered around 1983 by Warren, a biologist and Marshall, a clinician. It is named because of the spiral shape that allows the bacterium to burrow itself deep within the mucosal layer of the stomach wall. This penetration of the stomach lining enables to the bacteria to protect itself against immune cells that would recognize the organism as an invader. In order to survive the natural acidity of the stomach and its contents H. Pylori secretes an enzyme called urease. Although this enzyme helps protect the H. Pylori bacterium against the acidity of the stomach, it does not provide any protection for the depressions or holes in the stomach wall caused by the bacteria. This damage to the stomach wall can lead to ulcers that may bleed, cause other infections, or keep food from passing through the digestive tract. If these ulcers are left untreated, they can more severe diagnoses such as GERD, gastric cancer or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma if left untreated.

N: Gastric ulcer is the painful sores that are found inside the lining of the stomach. It can be caused by H.pylori or medications (ASA, NSAIDs, biphosphonates). Lifestyle such as smoke, alcohol and spicy foods can increase the risk of gastric acid development. Symptoms of gastric ulcer are stomach pain, nausea, bloating, feeling fullness and/or heartburn. If it is left untreated, it can develop to gastric bleeding, severe