Periodontal Disease And Pregnancy : An Important Thing For All Of Us

If not treated gingivitis can turn into periodontal disease. According to (British Society of Periodontology), the risk factors of periodontal disease are high for people who smoke, family history and stress. Angela presented herself as a smoker and stressed which all related to periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are split into different types and classifications according to the specific etiology affirms (Nield-Gehrig & Willmann

It¡¯s estimate that thirty percent of people with periodontal disease were genetically susceptible. Exposure may also play a role in contracting the disease. People have contracted it from their partners. Pregnancy plays a role as well because when women are pregnant their bodies are generally more susceptible. A pregnant woman¡¯s gums are also extremely sensitive. Other common contributing factors are stress, types of medications a person has taken (oral contraceptives and anti-depressants), diabetes, poor nutrition and bruxism (clenching and grinding your teeth). These factors can be changed or properly maintained in order to stop contributing to the periodontal disease. It is also important to note that these factors cannot be blamed for the main cause of this disease.

Complex physiological changes during pregnancy have a significant impact on almost every organ on the body system including the oral cavity -- these changes are due to hormonal changes. Estrogen causes increased blood flow to the oral cavity, making the gums friable and easy to bleed, contributing to gingivitis. Pregnancy-associated gingivitis is highly prevalent. It affects approximately 30%-75% of pregnant women and resolves after delivery. Nausea and vomiting during

Treatment of periodontal disease can be broadly divided into two, non-surgical and surgical. Longitudinal comparison between non-surgical and surgical therapy had been studied extensively by groups of researchers, namely the Gothenburg, the Michigan, the Minnesota, the Nebraska, and the Arizona group. There are some heterogeneities between studies from different groups. Some studies focused on single rooted teeth, while others included molars. Majority of the studies are done in a university setting, while the Arizona study was done in private practices.

This raises the question “Is dental work during pregnancy necessary? Is it safe?” The American Academy of Periodontology and the American Dental Association supports the maintenance of oral health during pregnancy (Wrzosek and Einarson, 2009). Steinberg, Hilton, Iida and Samelson (2013) also acknowledged the need for dental care, stating that it is safe. If dental treatment is indicated, why did Lee et al., (2010) find such discrepancy in perception among dentists? This essay will discuss the oral-systemic changes observed during pregnancy, its effects on dental treatments, considerations in cases of severe odontogenic infections and the effects of maternal periodontal status on fetus.

Increased plaque is a possibility, because of the increased hormone levels. In this case, the mother must follow-up with treatment after the baby’s birth.

Progesterone levels increase during pregnancy and this is important as; Keeps the placenta functioning properly , and allows it to become healthy and thick Enhances the growth of breast tissue Allows contractions of the muscle of the uterus , allowing the baby to grow and the womb to expand.Progesterone as well as the hormone relaxin can cause discomfort many women suffer from during pregnancy for example; Indigestion , heartburn Constipation Muscles in the lower intestine called ( lax muscles ) allow gases to distend the bowel causing even more bloating Softening of cartilages , loosening joints and ligaments , causing aches in the hip and pubic bone Gums can swell and bleed , which causes bad bacteria to invade the mouth leading to “pregnancy gingivitis” also known as bad breath In non pregnant women the progesterone levels are 10 to 12 ng/ml

The long-term treatment plan for managing chronic periodontitis should include periodic monitoring of periodontal status and appropriate maintenance procedures.28 Experimental studies have reported very successful treatment outcomes when patients are professionally maintained at two-week intervals,161 but such a program is impractical for most chronic periodontitis patients. Therefore, to maximize successful therapeutic outcomes, patients must maintain effective daily plaque control. It also appears that in-office periodontal maintenance at three to four month intervals can be effective in maintaining most

Gingivitis and periodontitis are among the most common infectious diseases in human beings which results in bone loss, tooth loosening and eventually tooth loss. Although periodontopathic bacteria are the primary etiological agents in periodontal disease, the ultimate determinant of disease progression and clinical outcome is the host's immune response(1). Lymphocyte blastogenesis studies of peripheral blood from patients with periodontal disease also suggested the involvement of cell-mediated immunity(2). The inflammatory response in children is different from that of adults. The most prevalent type of gingival disease in childhood is chronic marginal gingivitis which is characterized by an infiltrate consisting mostly of T lymphocytes and

This essay will begin with a brief overview on chronic periodontitis to better facilitate the proper selection of abutment in patients with a history of the disease. Chronic periodontitis is a slowly progressive inflammatory disease that results in the destruction of periodontium, characterised by clinical attachment and alveolar bone loss (Armitage and Cullinan, 2010, Shaddox and Walker, 2010). For a patient with a history of chronic periodontitis,

Pregnant women should take great precaution with their dental care before and after they are expecting. Pregnancy causes hormonal changes that increase the risk of developing gum disease which, in turn, can affect the health of their developing offspring. The best period of time expecting mothers can receive dental care is about their second trimester. The purpose for this is because their first and second half of their third trimester is a very important period for the developing baby. During pregnancy, pregnant women are more likely to have problems with their teeth or gums. If they have an infection in their teeth or gums, the chance of their baby being premature or having low birth weight may be slightly higher, than if their teeth and

Women with gum disease while pregnant have a higher chance of having a premature baby, but well-controlled gum disease lowers this risk. It can be difficult to manage gum disease during pregnancy, as hormone fluctuations cause many changes in the mouth.

These barriers and risk factors can dramatically reduce the amount of care a client obtains and significantly increase the risks and progression of periodontal diseases. It is important to educate the client on the impacts these barriers and risk factors have on his oral and overall health. In addition, it is extremely important to educate the client on how to reduce or manage these risk factors so he is able to improve his oral health without setbacks or limitations.

Periodontal disease strikes an area just below the gum line called the sulcus. Without proper cleaning and dental visits, plaque and tartar build up in the mouth and collect in the sulcus. Eventually, this buildup, called calculus, will cause the gums to move away from the teeth, forming pockets in the mouth. These pockets fill with even more plaque. This shift can loosen teeth and damage bone.

Prognosis: excellent prognosis, there is no recurrence if it is removed adequately. The gingival cases and lesions removed during pregnancy have a high recurrence