Periodontal Therapy Essay

An appropriate recall interval for periodontal therapy is of particular interest as periodontal regeneration following active treatment requires an isochronal maintenance program. Current professional habitude recommends a 3 month rationale for periodontal recall interval. The justification of this recall interval is to allow sufficient time for periodontal healing, assess re-colonisation of periodontopathogens, and allow reiteration of oral hygiene instruction (Darcey and Ashley, 2011).

It is a mineralized connective tissue formed by osteoblasts. Osteoblasts deposit a matrix of collagen and also release calcium, magnesium and phosphate ions that chemically combine within the collagenous matrix into a crystalline mineral, known as bone mineral, in the form of HA. Therefore, bone tissue is a natural composite consisting of a collagenous matrix and a mineral phase. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic materials with the same hybrid structure that combine the strength, stiffness and osteoconductivity of an inorganic component with the flexibility, toughness and resorbability of an organic phase.[13,14] As such, in recent years, researchers have concentrated on developing the polymer/ceramic nanocomposites, which have the advantages of both polymers (structural stability, strength, biocompatibility and desired shape) and ceramics, and are more similar to natural

Figure 7 shows how endocytosis inhibition blocked ALN- induced bone formation in vivo. To examine if endocytotic inhibition affected the ALN-induced bone formation in vivo, DC was added to the ALN solution and put the extracted teeth in the solution and then replanted them. More bone tissue observed in ALN-treated tissue than in PBS-treated tissue on day 7. Adding DC to the ALN solution drastically reduce the ALN-induced increase in ALP-positive cell ratios and the ALN-induced decrease of attached TRAP-positive cells. Part A is a hematoxylin and eosin staining of the mesial and distal root. Part B is bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) between the mesial and distal roots of replanted teeth was determined. Part C is ALP staining, the image taken

The present review excluded trials with less than ten patients in the control and/or intervention group. Baseline parameters and last follow-up visit after regenerative periodontal therapy were used as time points.

In studies, rougher, more porous ceramics prove to have optimal osteoblast induction. This can be attested to the inability of osteoblasts to arrange and orient in a beneficial way [1]. In experiments, typically in vivo rough ceramics that contains more pores have been shown to produce a greater number of osteoblast cells. However, the alignment of the cells was sporadic. This is where the surface energy of the ceramic becomes important for the biocompatibility of the material. Studies have shown that a relationship exists between roughness and surface energy [1]. Surface energy has shown that it can influence the arrangement of osteoblasts on a ceramic. Therefore, the most osteo-inducing ceramic will be a rough one with an biocompatible surface

Different types of osteobiologic materials include: metal-based, ceramic-based and polymer-based bone graft substitutes either with or without various types of cells. Some of these materials may have various bioactive molecules such as growth factors embedded in them [47], [48-52] for example: BMP-2 [53-55], TGF-b [54], GDF-5 [56, 57] and VEGF [58] or a mixture [57], since these growth factors are among of the multiple factors expressed during bone regeneration [59-61]. Such materials have been investigated widely in literature[62], [63] to exhibit specific responses. Calcium phosphate showed osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties in the form of sintered ceramics [64-67], cements [68, 69], and coatings [70, 71]. Besides calcium phosphate

A root planing and scaling procedure could help or stop these problems at any stage. It cannot undo the damage caused by these progressive stages. Recent studies show scaling and root planning may help address chronic periodontitis. This is a promising development, as surgery was one of the only methods to slow the progression of chronic

     Periodontal disease is more commonly known as gum disease or gingivitis. This infection is serious enough, that it can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. This chronic infection starts around the tooth and it affects the supporting bone and gums. Periodontal disease can affect anywhere from one tooth to all thirty-two teeth. The disease pathology starts with the plaque that builds up on your teeth everyday.

Progressing to an ageing population, the number of bone disorders and conditions is an increasing problem affecting millions of people today, with osteoporosis being a key example. Bone grafting is one form of a bone regeneration treatment for patients suffering from bone fractures and injuries, congenital abnormalities as well as reconstruction of the bones. Bone regeneration relies on several factors such as defect and graft size, tissue viability, shape and volume and cost. Although, the current gold standard for bone regeneration is “Autograft” , its limitations such as donor site morbidity and pain as well as rejection and the cost in association with bone harvesting post a setback.

Chronic periodontitis is a complex disease that is mainly caused by intraoral biofilm harbouring periodontal pathogenic microorganisms. This results in progressive destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession or both. Hence the goal of periodontal therapy is to eliminate these pathogenic organisms in the subgingival biofilm to achieve homeostasis. Non-surgical periodontal therapy is the keystone and first mode of treatment recommended for most periodontal infections. However, this treatment protocol does have limitations. Although the bacteria are initiating agents in periodontitis, the host response to the pathogenic microorganisms is critical to disease progression. The adjunctive use of systemic

However, a major surgical challenge is associated with large defects/critical size defects with limited intrinsic regenerative potential formed as a result of extensive soft tissue damage, insufficient surgical techniques, infections, and biomechanical instability. When the bone repair mechanism fails as a result of magnitude, infection or other causes, bone grafting has been shown to be a highly successful therapy. The motivation for research and the focus on translating bone engineering concepts into clinical application is rooted in the limitations associated with the growing, difficult orthopaedic, dental, and reconstructive surgery problems.

Throughout the years there have been many important advancements in cosmetic dentistry. Two of those important advancements are the methods used to treat periodontal disease. The names of those two treatments are plastic surgery and laser treatment for periodontal disease. The first method which is periodontal plastic surgery is the main method dental surgeons tend to go towards because it has been used more than the laser treatment. Plastic surgery of this disease begins with cleaning the deep areas

After deriving growth factors and bone morphogenic protein from mammalian teeth successfully many researchers have supported development of bone substitute using tooth derived substance as graft material. Some studies have shown a great potential use of teeth as carrier of growth factors and stem cell. It has been reported that autogenous bone is regarded as the “gold standard” of bone graft due to its biocompatibility. However, the shortcomings of autogenous bone, such as limited amount, additional surgery, post-operative morbidities and the like are the main reasons for developing various bone graft substitutes.[1, 26]. In 2009, Korea Tooth Bank was established in Seoul for the processing of the tooth-derived materials in Seoul, and an innovative medical service has begun for bone regeneration. Today,

The substance that is measured objectively and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, and pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention, acts as biomarkers 122 And using a combination of host and site specific markers provid accurately assesses to periodontal disease status, because of the complex, multifaceted nature of periodontal disease, it is highly unlikely that a single biomarker will prove to be a stand alone measure for periodontal disease diagnosis. 127-131

Decades ago, numerous studies toke place on bone growth and healing with the use of guided bone regeneration concepts. Bone has been considered as the one tissue with the greatest potential for regeneration among the many tissue in the body. A long time ago in 1889 senn reported that the present of decalcified bone could encourage healing of the bone defects (170). Guided bone regeneration is frequently used the same concept for hard tissue reconstruction (128, 171, 172). The treatment concept includes the application of occlusive membranes for the regeneration of osseous defects. The membrane induce osteogenic cell population coming from the parent bone tissue by excluding the non-osteogenic cell population from the surrounding soft tissues, thereby inhibit the osseous wound (173-176). Actually, the placement of mechanical membranes over the jaw bone defects resulted in effective results in rabbits (177) and over cranial defects in rats (178). Therefore, guided bone regeneration (GBR) was introduced as a therapeutic modality aiming to achieve bone regeneration, via the use of barrier membranes (87).