Peripheral Arterial Disease Research Paper

A recent systematic review of observational data (6 studies) found that the total mortality rate in angina patients was 2.8% to 6.6% per annum(121). At present it is thought that stable angina does not cause permanent myocardial damage. However prompt diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent further complications. Initiation of pharmacological intervention has been shown to retard plaque disease progression and to stabilise the surface endothelium(131).

Once occluded, these arteries cannot deliver oxygenated blood to the cardiac tissues, which leads to cardiac ischemia and infarction. The death of cardiac muscle can be so great that it is fatal, or it can be within a spectrum of morbidity that limits an individual’s ability to perform activities of daily life and decreases one’s quality of life. CHD is prevented by healthy habits, such as good nutritional intake, a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week, stress management, and consistent screenings (LCMHS, 2016). These interventions can also be used during any stage of the disease, for they can reduce the progression of the disease as well as improve the effectiveness of medications and other provider-ordered

Intermittent claudication is a symptom of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). PAD is the gradual narrowing or full or partial blockage of the arteries due to plague, which is also known as atherosclerosis. This blockage deprives the lower extremities form receiving adequate blood that contain oxygen and nutrients. Smoking, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and familial preposition puts patient at a higher risk for PAD. The elderly are also at a higher risk for PAD due to their various illness. PAD can lead to strokes, chronic angina and myocardial infraction (MI). A nurse assessing a patient with PAD will notice bruit or aneurysm during assessment. This is the first stage of PAD which is also known as the asymptomatic

This essay is aim to assess the effectiveness of Drug-eluting stent on long-term limb preservation of infrapopliteal vessel patency in patients with Critical limb ischemia due to below the knee arterial obstructive disease.

Peripheral Arterial Disease is a common secondary disease that follows Atherosclerosis. Once so much plaque builds up in the arteries, they become block the blood flow. P.A.D. usually affects the lower extremities and can cause intermittent claudication and, if severe enough, gangrene. Many people live with atherosclerosis and P.A.D. and show no symptoms. There are numerous prevention methods for P.A.D that is similar to preventing any cardiovascular disease. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is by far, the best form of prevention.

Peripheral artery disease is caused by the narrowing and hardening of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the periphery of the body. Arterial occlusion from atherosclerosis could be found in many locations throughout the body; however, the lower extremities are affected more often than the upper extremities.1

What kind of technology in the Roman Empire affect its growth the most? I will be investigating from the start of the Roman Empire in 753 BCE to when the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE. This investigation will have a broad scope while investigating and include things from the Roman Legion to aqueducts and concrete. This investigation will not include technology that was not widely used to better the Roman Empire. The research question will answer my question by conducting research on how different groups of technology made the Roman Empire better based off of their potential uses and different contributions to Roman society.

Arteriosclerosis is also called arteriosclerotic vascular disease. During Arteriosclerosis the arteries narrow due to plaque build up on the artery walls. Arteries carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body and are lined with a thin layer of cells. The thin layer of cells keeps the arteries smooth and allows blood to flow easily. This is called endothelium. Arteriosclerosis starts when the endothelium becomes damaged which allows cholesterol to start building up on the artery wall. White blood cells are then sent to clean up the cholesterol, however, they sometimes get stuck at the affected site. As time progresses plaque may build up made of cholesterol, macrophages, calcium and other substances from the blood. Plaque may grow to a

The patient is a taxi driver. Patient able to continue the current occupation. Pt will need to integrate healthy diet and exercises to everyday life.

“The possible existence of an inherited genetic predisposition to PAD has been investigated in numerous familial aggregation studies.” Aravind, L. (2017). PAD patients suffer through many symptoms everyday in which they cannot control: Painful cramping in your hip, thigh or calf muscles after certain activities, such as walking or climbing stairs, leg numbness or weakness, coldness in your lower leg or foot, a change in the color of your legs, and experiencing no pulse or a weak pulse in your legs or feet. Although these conditions will not kill you, they will alter your way of living. The condition itself is not fatal but the effects of the disease may become a leading cause of death. When blood flow is limited, a variety of problems may arise. If symptoms are severe, foot or leg amputation may be a devastating outcome. Since a plenitude of patients have a joint connection with atherosclerosis, many people with PAD die from a heart attack, sudden cardiac arrest, or stroke. Having PAD often affects a person's lifestyle. A person who experiences pain while walking

There are a variety of negative effects that smoking has on a person’s overall health. For example, lung cancer, pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease can be related to cigarette smoking. But why does cigarette smoking cause complications with foot and ankle surgery?

In some cases, peripheral vascular disease could hint at another underlying problem. Arteries might be narrowed because of fatty deposits throughout the vessels. In addition to reducing blood flow to the body’s limbs, the heart and brain may not be receiving as much blood as they need to function properly.

“Hey let's go to the cafe with the pink roof”, I pointed as my friends and I waded through the precarious poodles through the cobblestone road. We were all eager to retreat from the drewery weather, into a warm lit cafe. The nine of us were what you could call “stereotypical American tourists.” Yelling loudly, carrying oversized bags and wearing bright colored clothes.

Peripheral vascular disease ( or Peripheral Arterial disease ) is the buildup of Plaque in arteries to the body . This can lead to complications in blood flow, which also leads to an increased risk of infections, and numbness in some limbs.

In the discussion of “A Modest Proposal” the author, Jonathan Swift, uses sarcasm and verbal irony in order to criticizes the English and Irish parliaments. The use of verbal irony gave the criticisms a humorous twist and translated the idea more effortlessly to many readers; however, for some the use of verbal irony created a complicated and traumatizing proposal. To many readers Jonathan Swift’s morals and principles in life are questionable or corrupted, for the proposal of consumption of infant’s flesh. On the other hand, others readers see Swift having a very humorous and relaxing moral; however, his criticisms are still illustrated very clearly. Correspondingly, Swift can be seen as a brilliant writer with a twisted sense of humor and