Peripheral Arterial Disease Research Paper

Peripheral Arterial Disease is a common secondary disease that follows Atherosclerosis. Once so much plaque builds up in the arteries, they become block the blood flow. P.A.D. usually affects the lower extremities and can cause intermittent claudication and, if severe enough, gangrene. Many people live with atherosclerosis and P.A.D. and show no symptoms. There are numerous prevention methods for P.A.D that is similar to preventing any cardiovascular disease. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is by far, the best form of prevention.

Walking is one of the best physical activities to indulge in. Try walking around your yard or the entire stretch of your house; take the stairs instead of the lift; park your car at the parking lot’s far end so that you can walk up to the spot—all these everyday walking activities can ease your pain to a great extent.

Intermittent claudication is a symptom of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD). PAD is the gradual narrowing or full or partial blockage of the arteries due to plague, which is also known as atherosclerosis. This blockage deprives the lower extremities form receiving adequate blood that contain oxygen and nutrients. Smoking, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and familial preposition puts patient at a higher risk for PAD. The elderly are also at a higher risk for PAD due to their various illness. PAD can lead to strokes, chronic angina and myocardial infraction (MI). A nurse assessing a patient with PAD will notice bruit or aneurysm during assessment. This is the first stage of PAD which is also known as the asymptomatic

With many decades worth of health data now available, it has never been clearer that smoking is one of the most dangerous habits a person can engage in. It is no wonder, then, that so many smokers are committed to quitting and improving their health.

Peripheral artery disease is a prevalent condition that greatly increases risk of death from myocardial infarction or stroke. In the clinic, PAD will most often present itself as intermittent claudication. It is important to understand this disease’s symptoms, progression, risk factors, and pharmacological treatment options to provide patients with individualized, high-quality physical therapy.

“The possible existence of an inherited genetic predisposition to PAD has been investigated in numerous familial aggregation studies.” Aravind, L. (2017). PAD patients suffer through many symptoms everyday in which they cannot control: Painful cramping in your hip, thigh or calf muscles after certain activities, such as walking or climbing stairs, leg numbness or weakness, coldness in your lower leg or foot, a change in the color of your legs, and experiencing no pulse or a weak pulse in your legs or feet. Although these conditions will not kill you, they will alter your way of living. The condition itself is not fatal but the effects of the disease may become a leading cause of death. When blood flow is limited, a variety of problems may arise. If symptoms are severe, foot or leg amputation may be a devastating outcome. Since a plenitude of patients have a joint connection with atherosclerosis, many people with PAD die from a heart attack, sudden cardiac arrest, or stroke. Having PAD often affects a person's lifestyle. A person who experiences pain while walking

• Stay physically active. It is recommended that you get at least 30 minutes of activity on most or all days.

High blood pressure, hypertension, effects more than 65 million people, or 1 out of every3 people. Another 59 million people are have hypertension which is a slight increase in blood pressure which can lead to serious health problems (Nhibi.nih.gov, 2013). High blood pressure is dangerous because it can harden artery walls, make the heart pump harder and can cause the brain to hemorrhage. If not controlled, the consequences of living a life with high blood pressure can lead to heart and kidney disease, stroke and blindness. The DASH diet is often suggested to people suffering from hypertension and focuses on portion size, eating a variety of foods and getting the right amount of nutrients

H. to dietitians, who would be helpful on generating a consistent dietary plan for managing HTN, DM, high cholesterol, and HF. According to the American Heart Association, eating heart-healthy diet such as DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) helps to lower cholesterol, blood pressure, and chance of heart attack.

There are a variety of negative effects that smoking has on a person’s overall health. For example, lung cancer, pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease can be related to cigarette smoking. But why does cigarette smoking cause complications with foot and ankle surgery?

Before 55 men have a greater chance and women are more likely after menopause, high blood pressure also tends to be genetic and runs in the family of most African Americans are at increase for high blood pressure. The goals that have been set for me are to start eating healthy, exercise more regular, taking medicine on time every day, and look out for fatty foods. To eat healthy a low salt diet is recommended, saturated fat, cholesterol and total fat. Eat fruits and vegetables and low fat milk product, whole grain foods, fish, poultry, and nuts are also good for the diet of controlling the high blood pressure. When staying within the pyramid charts the fruits, grains, and non-fatty diets are as follows, whole grains should be at least six to eight servings a day, vegetables four to five servings, fruits four to five servings. When talking about low fat it should be poultry, lean meats, and fish should be six or fewer servings, nuts, seeds, and beans four to five servings, fats, and oils two to three servings, sweets preferred low fat five or fewer serving and last sodium no more than 2, 300 mg a day (The Dash Diet, 2009). My actions towards my goals have been a little successful with the eating habits I have cut down on salting foods and started to use less salt, but my exercise is basically the same as it was at the time of first starting this class.

What is cardio vascular disease? According to the American Heart Association, cardio vascular disease is also called heart disease and it includes numerous problems related to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition that occurs as plaque or fatty deposit builds up in the walls of the arteries and as the buildup narrows the arteries, it becomes harder for blood to flow through and causes a heart attack. This severe disease is one of the leading cause of death and disability among the elderly (age 65 and older) men, women, and most ethnic groups. We may ask ourselves, what is causing this disease to be so powerful? There are a number of factors that cause this disease which are high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, being overweight, lack of physical activity, and diabetes. We don’t seem to think much about it but, more than 1 in 3 elderly adults in the United States are diagnosed with the disease. The article “Older Americans & Cardiovascular Disease” state that an estimate 83.6 million American adults and for the 60-79 year-old age group, the following have CVD: 83.0% of men; 87.1%of women. After women go through menopause, the frequency of heart disease in women matches the rate of heart disease in men. The number of our elderly out living their life expectancy is stretching out longer but at the same time that does not reduce the risk of them experiencing a heart attack. Older persons are often faced with unique and multiple challenges to health. When we are

The vascular system is the network of the blood vessels in our body. It includes the veins, arteries and capillaries for the blood circulation in the entire body (to and from the heart). And if any issue occur in the vascular system, then it will cause the disastrous outcomes. As the illustrations, if the arteries can become thick and stiff, then a problem called atherosclerosis will arise. Or, if it is the blood clotting, then it will clog the vessels and cease the blood flow to the heart or brain. Or, if the weakened blood vessels can burst, causing the internal bleeding.

To this day several people continue to smoke even after they are shown the effects and harm that they are doing to their own body and the risks that come from it. After several years of smoking their lives away people become diagnosed with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, this is a disease that makes it harder for people to breathe. The disease only progresses if you continue to smoke and remains untreated and can lead to heart failure and even death. More than 16 million people in the United States of America have been diagnosed with a smoking-related disease. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “nearly 17 out of every 100 U.S. American adults at the age of 18 or older currently smoke cigarettes.” Smoking doesn’t

Changing your lifestyle, to help control and prevent the disease and heart attack, can treat cardiovascular disease. It can also be treated by anti-platelet medicines such as aspirin, to keep blood clots from