Peripheral Blood Pressure

1.  Blood pressure is the force of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries. The pressure of blood in the arteries correlates directly to the amount of blood pumped by the heart and the amount of resistance in the

Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic cardiovascular condition that is characterized by high blood pressure. The blood pressure commonly abbreviated as BP is a measure of the force exerted on the blood vessels as the blood passes through them. The amount of blood pumped and the narrowness of ones’ vessels are directly proportional to the blood pressure (Mayoclinic staff, 2014).

Blood pressure in our blood vessels is monitored by the baroreceptors. These receptors send messages to the cardio regulatory center of the medulla oblongata to regulate our blood pressure every minute. In order for blood to be delivered to all organs and tissues, our cardiovascular system must always maintain adequate blood pressure. If the blood pressure drops too low, these organs will not receive an adequate of nourishing blood. Also if the pressure goes too high, the walls of the arteries will stretch and increased activity within the baroreceptor, information will then be sent through the nerves to the cardio regulatory center within the medulla which will responds by initiating the mechanisms that decrease the blood pressure to a normal

Blood pressure is a measure of the force of blood that is against the arterial walls.

The thrombus is usually formed in a larger vein causing the vein to be either partly or completely blocked of its circulation.

Peripheral arterial disease is a circulatory problem that causes narrowed arteries to reduce blood flow to your limbs. When you develop this disease, your lower extremities will not receive enough blood flow

Hypertension is defined as the amount of pressure blood flow exerts into the arteries. This becomes a problem because hypertension ultimately puts an added force against the walls of the arteries making them more susceptible to not only narrowing of the artery walls but to plaque build-up as well. The added force associated with hypertension also begins to diminish the elasticity and strength of the artery walls which limits the amount of blood flow that can reach the myocardium.

When peripheral arteries begin to narrow there is a reduction of blood flow through the body. The tissues that these arteries supply begin to compensate for the lack of oxygen through vasodilation of these vessels or collateral sprouting of new vessels1. Lack of fresh oxygenated blood leads to ischemia and the tissues supplied by the narrowed vessels begin to die. The main factor that causes this disease development is atherosclerosis, which is a build-up of plaque in these peripheral arterial beds cause by lipids in the blood steam narrowing the lumens of these vessels3. The most common peripheral arteries affected by this disease process are those of the lower extremity which present in 90% of those diagnosed with PAD1. When the plaque builds up on the walls of arteries it not only narrows the blood vessels but the plaque begins to harden the walls of the arteries. It is the narrowing and hardening of peripheral arteries that contributes to reduction of blood flow and a built up of cellular wastes in the

This article by Julia Michelle about how blood pressure cuffs had very detailed information about what a blood pressure cuff does. The article begins by explaining that a blood pressure cuff is a device used to measure the force of blood flow through the veins. This information is extremely significant to the experiment because a blood pressure cuff will be used to take measurements. The article then explains that the average healthy person should have a blood pressure between 11070 to 12080. The number on the top represents the systolic force, or the force of the blood when the heart

Also, if an artery has become weakened, the extra strain may eventually lead to the artery bursting as

Peripheral vascular disease, also called peripheral artery disease, is a common condition related to the circulatory system. The patient’s extremities are unable to receive enough blood flow due to narrowed arteries, which reduce the amount of blood that reaches the limbs. The condition is more commonly noticed in the legs but can also appear in the arms.

When arterial blood pressure declines special cells in the kidneys release the enzyme renin into the blood. Renin triggers a series of enzymatic reactions that produce angiotensin II, it causes a increase in the blood pressure and increases the rate of blood delivery to the kidneys and renal perfusion it also stimulates the adrenal cortex. As sodium moves int the bloodstream water follows; thus both blood volume and blood pressure rise. that how the kindneys respond to change in blood

With the information found with what a patient’s blood pressure is, it helps health care providers understand the state of the patient’s health. A patient’s blood pressure measures the amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls in the patient’s heart. Blood pressure is measured in two numbers: systolic and diastolic. Systolic, the number listed first in blood pressure readings, reports the amount of force exerted by the blood into the arteries during ventricular contraction.

As the blood flows in the blood vessels, the blood, just like any other fluids, experiences a viscous drag. Viscosity is experienced when a layer of liquid within a given flowing liquid exerts frictional forces on the other layers of flowing liquid due to different velocities with these separate layers of liquid are flowing at. The fluids that are flowing at a relatively slower velocity mostly found on the external layer of the fluid flowing will exert on the layers of fluid flowing in the internal parts of the fluid a viscous drag. The difference in the velocities of flow of the two layers of the same liquid could be caused by frictional forces between the external layer of the flowing liquid and the walls of the blood vessels as they move about the circulatory system.

Blood pressure greater than 140/90 is known as hypertension. Excessive sodium intake, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, extreme tobacco and alcohol use, over activity of sympathetic nervous system, and over production of sodium retaining hormones and vasoconstriction substances are major contributing factors of hypertension. Heredity, age, and gender are also the risk factors for hypertension (Bucher & Dirksen, 2014). Hypertension is one of the most underlying cause of impaired perfusion. High blood pressure for long period of time can shore up smooth muscles of artery as a result of building up the strength through hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which results in decrease size of arterial lumen. In older adult, the wall of artery become thick and hard due to above contributing factors that I mention. This alter vasomotor tone and blood