Peripheral Nervous System

The nervous system is one of the body’s complex functions that contain a network of cells and nerves that transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to different areas of the body. It is categorized into two groups; the central nervous system which is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system which contains the body’s nervous tissue and is where neurologic responses occur. Homeostasis, which is the process in which thermoregulation is maintained, also happens in this area.

The nervous system is made up of basic units called neurons. The main role of the neurons is to receive, integrate and transmit information throughout the body. There are some neuroglial cells found in nervous system aswell which provide support to the neurons by giving protection and nourishment Neurons have nerve processes that looks like finger like projections extended from the nerve cell body. They also contain axons and dendrites which enable them to transmit signals throughout the body. Normally, axon carry signals away from the cell body and dendrites carry signals toward the cell body according to Regina Bailey (2013). Neurons have three different shapes: bipolar, unipolar and multipolar where bipolar has two neuronal processes coming out of the cell body, unipolar has only one neuronal process coming out of the cell body and multipolar has many neuronal processes coming out of the cell body.

The components of the nervous system that are involved in the physical sensation is the peripheral nervous system, which is divided into two groups they are, sensory and motor divisions. The sensory impulse moves through the body by stimulating a receptor in the skin, and it goes through the sensory neurons and also travels through the afferent fibers, the spinal cord and also into the brain.

The somatic nervous system controls the contractions of skeletal muscles and is under voluntary control.

The nervous system is made up of 2 main parts - the spinal cord and the brain. These two parts combine to make the central nervous system and the sensory and motor nerves which form the peripheral nervous system. Neurons process information in the form of electrical signals, namely nerve impulses, which travel along the axon. Charged ions are not able to enter plasma membranes which make neurons have a difference in ion concentration between the inside and the outside of a neuron. This prevents the passive diffusion of Potassium and Sodium ions from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Proteins which act as ion channels and ion pumps are attached to plasma membranes. This allows the ions to be transported across

In the organization of the Human Nervous System it is divided into sections such as the sensory system, which gathers and process information from the surrounding environment: motor systems which responds from environment by sending signals and information to facilitate movement behavioral responses and the associational system which is a meditator from most multifaceted and least problematic brain functions. Within these different functions of the nervous system it is divided into two components where these functions can happen the central nervous system that comprises of brain and spinal cord and peripheral nervous system that embodies nerves and ganglia.

Continuing on we as a class learned about the spinal cord, which is a column of nerves lining our back, as well as the central nervous system, which is the human body’s main processing unit. Chapter two focuses primarily on these two aspects of the body. The central nervous system is the brain and spinal cord, the brain, hindbrain, and midbrain are in charge of the senses. Hearing and sight for example are dealt with in the forebrain. The nervous system includes many different working pieces that control the body. Such as Dendrites; these are the hairs on the neurons. Ions have both negative and positive neurons which each has three, included with the soma in the cell body. Axon is the long tube of it, and the terminal button is the end of the tube.

Strange Behavior, by Harold Klawans, is told through the first person perspective of Klawans himself about the medical mysteries he has encountered throughout his career. He is a neurologist, who mainly specializes in Parkinson’s disease. The first part of the book illuminates some of the case studies he has conducted in great detail. One incident Klawans describes, Defending the Cavewoman, is about a young child, Lacey, who had been locked in a closet for presumably most (if not all) of her life--approximately six years. Having been concealed from the realms of society for such a long time, she had not yet acquired language when she was found.

There are two main divisions that comprise the nervous system: the central nervous system consisting of the brain and the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system consisting of somatic and autonomic nervous systems (Kalat, 2013). The brain and the spinal cord make up the central nervous system and is responsible for the transmission of nervous impulses as well as receiving sensory information (Siegal, 1999). The peripheral nervous system, consisting of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral ganglia, is responsible for transmitting information to the central nervous system as well as the rest of the body (Hubbard, 2013).

The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Its main functions include: processing, integrating, and coordinating sensory information and motor instructions. The sensory data conducts information that is being processed from internal and external conditions the body is experiencing. Motor commands regulate and control peripheral organs (skeletal muscles). The brain functions under memory, emotions, learning, and intelligence. The PNS consist of the neural tissue found outside of the CNS. It functions in sending data to the CNS which motor commands are than carried out to the peripheral tissues/systems. Multiple nerve fibers send sensory data and motor commands in the PNS. The nerves that assist with transmitting data include the cranial nerves and spinal nerve. However, the PNS can be divided into afferent (to bring in) and efferent (to bring out) divisions of transferring data. The afferent division functions in bringing in sensory data to the CNS. Sensory structures are receptors that detect internal/external environmental change and adjusting accordingly. The efferent division functions in carrying out motor commands from the CNS to glands, muscles, and adipose tissue. The efferent division contains somatic

The nerves system by definition is the system of nerves and nerve centers in an animal or human, including the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia. The nervous system is an intricate collection of nerves that sends signals between parts of the body, basically the body’s version of electrical wiring. Structurally, the nervous system is split into two components: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The Central Nervous System consists of the brain and spinal cord while the Peripheral is made up of the cranial nerves, spinal nerves, plexuses and peripheral nerves. Functionally, the nervous system has two main subdivisions: the somatic(voluntary); and the autonomic(involuntary). The autonomic nervous system regulates

The peripheral nervous system serves the areas in the extremities of the body. The nerves within that system provide a number of functions, depending upon which one is being affected. Typically, nerves can be classified as sensory (receiving sensation), motor (controlling muscle movement) and autonomic (regulating functions such as heart rate and blood pressure). One of the issues that may occur with those nerves is peripheral neuropathy. A number of symptoms of the condition may be experienced.

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is connected directly to the central nervous system, and consists of neurons and nerves that send information back and forth the CNS. Furthermore, the peripheral nervous system can be divided into two sections, the sensory nervous system and the motor nervous system. The Sensory The sensory nervous system is in charge of transmitting data from a variety of internal organs or from external stimuli to the central nervous system using sensory nervous cells. On the other hand, the cells of the motor nervous system (motor neurons), take the impulse from the CNS to effectors, which include glands and muscles. In addition, the motor nervous system can be further divided into the somatic nervous system, controls voluntary actions of the skeletal muscle and external sensory organs, whilst the autonomic nervous system operates

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system work together to collect information from within the body and from the environment outside it. The systems process all the collected information and send instructions to the body; to obtain an appropriate response. Once the data arrives, the brain will sort and file it before sending out any commands on what to do. The central system is the main command center of the body that contains the brain as well as the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system contains a network of nerves that connect the rest of the body to the central nervous system.

There was a common characteristic in all of the experiments performed, that being it involved the nervous system and how it worked within the body to elicit different responses based on different stimuli. Signals in the nervous system were fired, which triggered a response somewhere in the body. This requires two systems to accomplish this, the afferent and efferent systems. The afferent system is the system responsible for sending signals from the receptors to the central nervous system. The efferent system is responsible for sending the response away from the central nervous system to the area in which it wishes to produce an action. Between these two systems is an integrating center, or control center. The afferent brings information from the receptor into the integrating center, the information is processed, and then a response is sent away from the integrating center by the efferent system and the response occurs. “Dynamic task-dependent regulation of reflexes controlled by the central nervous system plays an integral part in neurocontrol of locomotion,” shows how the central nervous system and the reflex arcs that it causes are vital for the body to be able to function (Hofstoetter, U. S., Minassian, K., Hofer, C., et al.) The cerebral cortex also plays a part in the sending and receiving of signals throughout the body. It is located on the