Peripheral Vascular Disease Research Papers

As with all cardiovascular diseases, Peripheral Arterial Disease can be easily prevented. A good heart healthy diet should be implemented everyday for meals and snacks. A good tip is to include fresh fruits and vegetables everyday. Eating foods low in saturated fat and cholesterol and high in fiber can help prevent high blood cholesterol. Limiting salt or sodium in your diet can also lower your blood pressure. (CDC, 2009) Making sure to get at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity a day can not only help maintain

The cardiovascular disease defines conditions that affect the heart or blood vessels. Thrombosis, which emanates from blood clots, reduced blood flow to the heart, brain and the rest of the body. When fatty acids deposit in the artery, it hardens and narrows. These issues lead to stroke, coronary heart disease, aortic disease and peripheral arterial disease. Coronary heart disease occurs due to a reduced or blocked flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart. It is a result of accumulated fats in the coronary arteries. Coronary arteries are a set of blood vessels that take blood to the heart. When they become narrow, the heart gets less of a supply of blood and oxygen causing chest pains, called angina or a heart attack, explains VanMeter &

Vascular dementia symptoms include: increasing difficulties with tasks and activities that require concentrating and planning, memory loss, depression, personality and mood changes, low attention span, incontinence, seizures, physical weakness or paralysis, and hallucinations. risk factors include high blood pressure, history of stroke, diabetes, a lack of physical activity, excess alcohol and unhealthy diet.

Light-headedness, distended neck veins and peripheral edema- The light- headedness, distended neck veins and peripheral edema could all be caused by pulmonary hypertension. COPD can be a cause of pulmonary hypertension. The rise in blood pressure in your lungs can be caused by changes in the cells that line the walls of your pulmonary arteries causing them to become stiff and thickened. The arteries can also become inflamed and tight. Smoking can be a major contributor to the damage of these vessels. These changes can reduce or block blood flow through these vessels, thus raising the pressure. The reduced blood flow through the lungs puts a strain on the right side of the heart. The right side of the heart has to work

Usually, accessing vascular structures is done through a needle to puncture the vessel percutaneously, followed by a wire introduced through the needle to secure the vascular access. The needle is then removed and a sheath is advanced over the wire. Vascular sheaths are hollow structures with a built in diaphragm to prevent bleeding. Catheters are then placed into and out of the sheath with a minimal loss of blood.11

Impaired cerebral blood flow disorders are extremely common and factors such as the lesion site, existing collateral’s, and the amount of tissue affected determines the actual neurological deficit that results. The impaired blood flow may have a number of causes. Things such as alterations in blood pressure, changes in the arterial walls, and occlusions of the arterial lumen are some of the more important causes.

This lower extremities are most commonly affected. Atherosclerosis, Buerger disease and chronic venous insufficiency are some of the conditions that are connected with PVD. Atherosclerosis is the accumulation of plaque made of cholesterol, fat, cellular waste, fibrin and calcium which narrows or blocks the peripheral arteries and it is the most frequent condition that causes PAD. Whereas, venous insufficiency is an obstruction in the flow of deoxygenated blood form the lower extremities to the heart. This is due to weakening or damage to the veins. A nurse assessing a patient with venous insufficiency will find skin and angle discoloration, edema in the legs, heaviness and cramping in the legs and pain described as dull and aching. Buerger disease also known as thromboangiitis obliterans is a chronic inflammation of the arteries. This inflammation causes an obstruction in the small and medium arteries of the arms and legs due to blood clot. Buerger disease symptoms are cool clammy skin, reduced or absent sense of heat and cold along with pain in the legs or feet (hopkinsmedicine.org). The nurse will inform the patient that although Buerger disease causes pain in the leg, PAD causes intermittent pain in the leg which this patient is

Vascular Dementia is the second most of dementia after Alzheimer disease. it is caused by problems in the supplies of the blood at the brain. The brain need enough of blood to be health, if the blood cannot be reached to the brain, then the cells will be die. there are factors can be increase a person risk of developing Vascular Dementia include: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart problems. Common sign and symptoms for Vascular Dementia may include: problems with speed thinking, concentration and communication, and Depressions.

Vascular Dementia is cause by the breaking down of nerves in the brain and does not get enough oxygen and nutrients. This type of dementia often causes a stroke or signs of a stroke. Like Alzheimers, and opposite of Lewy Body, it progresses at a slower rate. Like Lewy body, issues with movement happen earlier in the disease unlike Alzheimer’s that happen later in the

Peripheral artery disease is caused by the narrowing and hardening of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the periphery of the body. Arterial occlusion from atherosclerosis could be found in many locations throughout the body; however, the lower extremities are affected more often than the upper extremities.1

While vascular dementia develops, it passes out through seven stages which can be divided into three major stages. Those stages are early stage, middle stage, and late stage. First, in the early stage, the cells in the brain receive a constant amount of blood. According to this stage, the person does not suffer from any symptoms and the vascular system works naturally. But at the end of the early stage, the patient starts to be confused and have difficult in thinking. Therefore, the vascular system starts to damage due to some factors. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine “Blood flow to brain tissue may be reduced by a partial blockage or completely blocked by a blood clot” [1]. When this happens, the blood supply becomes less than the

Atherosclerosis is a disease where fatty deposits obstruct the inside of arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood rich in oxygen to the heart and other parts of the human body. The execs of plaque harden and narrow the arteries. This limits the flow of blood rich in oxygen to the organs and other parts of the human body. Atherosclerosis can lead to more serious problems, such as a heart attack, stroke, or even death. Medical procedures and surgery are recommended in severe cases atherosclerosis.

The carotids are two arteries that carry blood to the head and neck. They divide into the external and internal branches. The external carotid artery supplies the neck and face, and the internal carotid artery supplies the brain, eye and other internal parts. The carotid arteries may have carotid artery disease (stenosis) or occlusions, due to atherosclerosis. This means the carotid arteries become narrow due to plaque build up in the vessel. When the carotid artery becomes narrowed or blocked, blood supply to the brain is reduced or stopped. This increases the risk of a stroke. “About 795,000 Americans each year suffer a new or recurrent stroke. That means on average, a stroke occurs every 40 seconds.” (American Stroke Association, 2015, Impact

Arteriosclerosis is also called arteriosclerotic vascular disease. During Arteriosclerosis the arteries narrow due to plaque build up on the artery walls. Arteries carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body and are lined with a thin layer of cells. The thin layer of cells keeps the arteries smooth and allows blood to flow easily. This is called endothelium. Arteriosclerosis starts when the endothelium becomes damaged which allows cholesterol to start building up on the artery wall. White blood cells are then sent to clean up the cholesterol, however, they sometimes get stuck at the affected site. As time progresses plaque may build up made of cholesterol, macrophages, calcium and other substances from the blood. Plaque may grow to a

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is caused by fatty buildup in the arteries of the heart. Your arteries are made to carry oxygen infused blood to your heart and other parts of your body if it is filled up with plaque, which is the fatty substance that clogs and blocks up the arteries. If it gets clogged enough to where your heart is not receiving fresh oxygen, you could have a heart attack that could cause very serious damage to your body and could even kill you. When you are younger, you can begin to grow plaque in your blood vessels from not eating right and not exercising regularly. When your arteries are being filled up with plaque they become more narrow and harder for blood to get through as easily as it is supposed to be. When you have