Permian Time Frame

According to the theory of “Pangaea,” the world was once a single mega-continent that contained all the dry land about 225 million years ago. North America was shaped by the majestic Canadian Shield about 10 million years ago.

Between 280 million and 225 million years ago, the earth’s previously separated land areas became welded into a landmass called Pangaea. About 120 million years ago, due to the continental drift, this landmass began to separate. It split the old world and the new world apart, which dividing North and South America from Eurasia and Africa. The separation lasted for million years that it fostered divergent evolution. The new world and the old world’s biological evolution followed individual paths, becoming two separate biological worlds. However, after 1492, human voyagers reversed this tendency. In October 1492, Christopher Columbus and his crew landed in Bahamas. After Columbus arrived in

8. The periods in which there were mass extinctions are Permian – volcanic eruptions which spewed lava and put CO2 into the air which warmed the climate an estimated 6 degrees Celsius. The resulting of oxygen deficiency. And Cretaceous – asteroid or comet

200 million years ago a supercontinent called Gondwana existed. It was made up of South America, Africa, Australia, India, and Antarctica. Fossil evidence shows that certain species have lived in multiple places, but these places are far apart. This proves that they lived in one place, but were separated from their ancestors when the plates split, causing earthquakes. In addition,

separated Africa from Eurasia began to close into the modern inland sea that we know as

Around 300 million years ago, Pangea existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras and approximately 120 million years ago, Pangea split into two smaller sections called Gondwana and Laurasia. Gondwana formed prior to Pangea , and later on became part of it. However, after the break-up of Pangaea, Gondwana possessed most of the regions in today’s Southern Hemisphere, including Australia, Africa, Antarctica and South America. Similarly, around 180 million years ago, Gondwana also began to split up. Africa and South America beginning to drift away, leaving just India, Madagascar, Antarctica and Australia and about 40 million years later, India and Madagascar broke off. Leaving just Antarctica and Australia. Correspondingly, approximately 85 million years ago Australia separated from Antarctica, finally becoming its own continent.

This seaway parted the continents of northern and southern hemisphere that are recognised today. c) What tectonic and sea level events resulted in flooding of the North American cratonic interior to form the Western Interior Seaway and its thick terrigenous clastic stratigraphic succession starting in the

The fifth, and one of the largest and most well known extinctions in Earths history was the Cretaceous period, where many species, including the dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and large marine reptiles, disappeared. This period was widely known as the K-T period, K being the traditional abbreviation for the Cretaceous Period derived from the German name Kreidezeit, and T being the abbreviation for the Tertiary Period (a historical term for the period of time now covered by the Paleogene and Neogene periods). It was a relatively warm climate and had high global sea levels. The oceans and seas were populated with now extinct marine reptiles, ammonites and rudists, and the land by dinosaurs. At the same time, new groups of mammals and birds as well as flowering plants appeared. The early part of the Cretaceous showed a cooling trend that had been

The end-Triassic or Triassic-Jurassic extinction event occurred around 200 million years ago is and thought by numerous have helped dinosaurs to be the dominant species on earth for 135 million years. It additionally finished life for generally 50% of all species that were available around then. Until this event, mammal like animals known as therapsids were much more than the ancestors of the dinosaurs, known as archosaurs. The dinosaurs survived better compared to the early proto-vertebrates, and this extinction event may have altogether tipped it to support them clarifies #########. Of the Big Five, the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event has the least number of current researches. Its cause stays under debate,

<b>Introduction</b><br>Think of a world which existed 290 million years ago. As you look out over the terane in front of you, you think that you are on an alien planet. You see volcanoes spewing ash and lava. Beside them is the ocean which is swarming with many different species of echinoderms, bryozoans and brachiopods. As you look down onto the sea floor you are amazed at the countless number of starfish and urchins. Some animals leave you can't even describe and you have no idea even what phylum they belong to. This is a world at its height in diversity of oceanic species. Millions of wonderous species existed at this time in the ocean and most of them will never appear again in earth's history. In the geologic time scale, a million

The dinosaurs appeared after the greatest mass extinction event occurred. This is known as the Permian-Triassic extinction. It has been estimated to have occurred around two hundred and fifty million years ago. (6) It is also known as the Great Dying with over ninety percent of species dying off, leaving the Earth essentially a wasteland. It led to the extinction of “57% of all families, 83% of all genera and 90% to 96% of all species. 53% of marine families, 84% of marine genera, about 96% of all marine species and an estimated 70% of land species, including insects.”(7) By the late-Permian, global temperatures were very hot, with them being the highest ever on the planet.

The extinction led into the Silurian and Devonian periods where life moved onto land. Plants began to grow and new fishes began to

At the end of the Carboniferous Period the North Sea basin was a land area, and the earliest Permian deposits were terrestrial. A series of marine incursions occurred during the later Permian, but true open-sea conditions seldom if ever prevailed. Each marine incursion led to an evaporite cycle, and at the end of the Permian the North Sea basin was again a

The Precambrian era does not have a previous era.But the era after the Precambrian was the Paleozoic. The Precambrian era was from 4.8 to 4.5 million years ago with the paleozoic era before it and then the Mesozoic era after. The time periods in the paleozoic era were Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous, and Permian.The precambrian era did not have a previous Geologic era. The precambrian era had different periods which are Proterozoic, Archaean, and Hadean my major climate was the the ice age.my main geologic period was formation of earth and life for an example plants.The continents that the precambrian era had were pangia, animals that lived in the geologic era was waptia Dickinsonia protozoa

Self-expansion size. In the type of self-expansion section, participants were asked to reflect upon how pleasant, exciting, new, and physical the activities they participated in with their roommate were, and then for measurement, were asked to rank each of them on a scale five point scale (1=not at all, 5=very much). In the self-expansion portion below the “type of expansion” section, participants were asked 3 questions about how their roommate has helped to expand themselves. More specifically, an example question from the survey is, have you learned something new from your roommate or become a better person because of them? The participant ranked each of these on a five point scale (1=not at all, 5=very much), five being the highest self-expansion