The first traces of human settlement in the region date back to the prehistoric period, circa 9000 BCE Persians have survived millenniums of invasions and conquests. Persia was a powerhouse of academic knowledge in ancient times with leaders in astronomy, medicine, mathematics, literature and philosophy. They have left behind not only intricate art objects, but also tools used for smelting and refining pottery, as well as making wine. One of the recent archaeological discoveries claims that the earliest and oldest archaeological finding of winemaking and production comes from an area in Persia called Hajji Firuz Tepe, a Neolithic village site in northern Iran (Ladjevardian 1999, Berkowitz 1996, Ayatollahi 2003, Kessler Associates 1999, BBC …show more content…
They remember Greeks, Arabs, Mongols, Turks, and most recently Saddam Hussein’s forces, all invaded their homeland. Iranians also remember that the British and Russian empires exploited them economically, subjugated them politically, and invaded and occupied their country in two World Wars (Ramazani 2009). Through this all, Iran’s geographical area and its people identity have remained more or less the same. The vast land– three times the size of France and twenty times that of the Czech Republic – is demarcated to the North by the Caspian Sea (740 km of coastline) and to the South by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman (2,440 km of coastline). Three-fifths of the country, especially the central plateau, lacks the rainfall to sustain permanent agriculture. Farming is confined to rain-fed Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, and the Caspian coast, to irrigated villages and oases scattered throughout the county, especially at the foot of the mountain ranges (See Map 1 & 2) (Abrahamian 2008, p. 1). Iran is a neighbour to seven countries (Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan), which makes it a natural crossroad of civilizations and trade flows. Its rich history shows that for many centuries Iran has been a key land bridge between Europe and Asia through the renowned Silk Road and Spice Route (Central Intelligence Agency 2015, Thompson 1983, UNESCO
Bel Marduk was the principal Babylonian God at the time of the conquest of Babylon by Cyrus the Great. Bel Marduk is honored in Babylon for bringing order to the cosmos, creating humankind and defending all other Gods against a usurper.
Similar to the Roman Empire the Persian Empire stretched across vast lands without any serious rivalry. At the height of the empire it stretched across, not only, Asia, from the Aegean to the Indus River, but also included part of the continent of Africa. We get the word, Persia, from the Greek word Parsa meaning, “Above reproach”. The Persians unlike most other Empires would be ruled under a benevolent ruler. This would bring a large amount of cultural diffusion to the Empire. The empires history is separated into three historical periods: Old Persia (600-300 B.C.E), Middle Persia (300-800 B.C.E.) and modern Persia (800-Present). The height or the Empire was reached around 500 B.C.E. (Ancient and Medieval History
Ismail I lived during a turbulent time in Iran’s history. It was a period of “political fragmentation and decentralization” [Richard C. Martin]. He was the founder of the Safavid Empire. In 1501, he named himself the Shah, king, of the empire and proclaimed Twelver religion the official religion of state. It took him almost over a decade to consolidate his control over all of Iran, where most of the Persian population still practiced as Sunni. His Qizilbash military was given the task to convert anyone on Safavid territory to Twelver Islam and the army succeeded. Ismail was a remarkable leader when he set his mind to it, yet the Ottoman empire instigated a war against the Safavid empire because of the increase of Shia population. Ismail was caught by surprise and the Qizilbash were defeated. The aftermath of the battle was severe; Ismail was so embarrassed by the defeat he became inattentive to any Qizilbash work and military affairs of state. He broke down and started to write poems about pious Muslims and how they worship their god. The shah died at age 36, after becoming an alcoholic, but the Safavid empire continued for over 200 years after. The Safavid Empire was founded on the unified front of their population, their military strength and intolerance for other beliefs but their own.
The Persian War was fought by the Greeks and the Persians, and if the Greeks lost, we would not have democracy, science, or education. The war was started when the Greeks helped rebels in a city state near Persia burn a Persian city. The Greeks used strategy and their surroundings to their advantage to win the Persian War. The Persian War had three main battles: Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis
The acronym PERSIA denotes the categories Political, Economic, Religion, Social, Intellectual and Aesthetic into an easy way of remembering one of many systematic models. These six categories are used to organize and explain technology’s effect and changes over a long period of time. By categorizing a specific topic or idea, one may easily be able to understand the importance that topic, idea and technology has impacted a person, culture, country, and even history. Thus, providing a new outlook and perspective on history and the factors that contributed to the change in history.
The Persian Empire also known as the Persian Republic occupied the modern day Iran. This Empire inhabited a vase variety of cultures and religions with its occupancy of thirty five to fifty million residents. Its primary ethnicity was that of the Indo-European race. It was created in 539 B.C.E. and became the model empire for the creation of other Second-Wave Civilizations. It specialized in the ability to provide freedom to its many people. This allowed them to practice religion freely and participate in trade and commerce. The Persian Empire was a Monarchy: having one set ruler or king over the entire population. Persian Monarchy was very welcoming for its time. It allowed people to be free as long as some form of taxes was paid and the
The Persian Empire began in 500 B.C.E. It was the world’s largest empire with diverse population of around 35 to 50 million people. The ancient Persians were the descendants of nomadic people, Indo-Europeans; They migrated from Central Asia in the east to the Iranian plateau. The empire began with the conquest by Cyrus the great. The empire ruled by the monarchs.
Bipolar disorder is widely heard of across the states, even countries. The country with the highest rate of bipolar disorders is, of course, the lovely United States of America. We also have the highest amount of mental patients, but the lowest rate of treatment compared with other countries throughout the world. There are approximately 5.7 million adults currently struggling with this disorder. It is believed that two to seven percent of the population has it, and about ten million people will develop it. However, about half of that ten million will never be diagnosed or treated properly. Bipolar disorder is the 6th leading cause disability worldwide today, which not only affects the patient, but also those in their lives.
There are certain events that are significant enough to create a chain of events that end up resulting in a huge change. The leader of the Persian realm named Cyrus was able to gain much territory after a ruler from Lydia named Croesus attempted to provoke Cyrus. Winter was approaching and Croesus was expecting Cyrus to retreat while he retreating back to his capital at Sardis. After, Cyrus was able to invade and take Sardis successfully. This victory over Lydia was significant in aiding the development and expansion of the Persian empire. There were important social, economic, and cultural implications due to the organization of classical Persian empire territories. There was a rise and fall of the Persian empire, an imperial society
The region of the Middle East and its inhabitants have always been a wonder to the Europeans, dating back to the years before the advent of Islam and the years following the Arab conquest. Today, the Islamic world spreads from the corners of the Philippines to the far edges of Spain and Central Africa. Various cultures have adopted the Islamic faith, and this blending of many different cultures has strengthened the universal Islamic culture. The religion of Islam has provided a new meaning to the lives of many people around the world. In the Islamic world, the religion defines and enriches culture and as a result the culture gives meaning to the individual. Islam is not only a religion, it is in its own way a culture. It may be this very
Islam certainly is considered the second largest religion in the earth. Today, more than ever approximately billion or more of people follow the Islam across the world. Indeed, the majority of Islam’s followers believe that the Islam is a message of peace and tolerance. Meanwhile, they against violence everywhere. Unfortunately, the terrorist attack which occurred in New York City on September 11th, 2001 causes misunderstanding and an unpleasant stereotype of Islam and Islamic societies as the wickedness producer. Nowadays, some of the people particularly who live in the North America and political parties blame the Islam and endeavor to isolate it because they have a phobia from the Islam and Sariah law. The current essay will discuss the
Achaemenid Persia was one of the first and greatest empires of the Fertile Crescent and beyond, as such, they would come into contact with diverse groups of people, one of which is the Jews of Judea. The Persian Empire is one of the few empires depicted in the Tanach, or Hebrew Bible, as favorable. This being so, it can still be difficult to assert who the Persians, their kings, and their land were in the eyes of the Jews. The stories and depictions of the kings and land do not always agree on the matter and differ on how much detail is given. Persians during the time they ruled Judea have few records of who the Jews were and what they did in the borders of the empire. From what is found, it is still possible to gleam whom the Jews and their land were in the eyes of the kings of Persia.
Achaemenid Persia was one of the first and the greatest empires of the Fertile Crescent and beyond, as such, they would come into contact with diverse groups of people, one of which is the Jews of Judea. The Persian Empire is one of the few empires depicted in the Tanach, or Hebrew Bible, as favorable. This being so, it can still be difficult to assert who the Persians, their kings, and their land were in the eyes of the Jews. The stories and depictions of the kings and land do not always agree on the matter and differ on how much detail is given. Persians during the time they ruled Judea have few records of who the Jews were and what they did in the borders of the empire. From what is found, it is still possible to gleam whom the Jews and their land were in the eyes of the kings of Persia.
Throughout history many civilizations have risen and fallen without so much of a second thought from historians. However there have been civilizations that climbed to the top of the metaphorical food chain and stayed there and influenced not only their region but the world for countless millennium even after they were no longer a functioning empire. Two such empires were the Roman Empire and the Persian Empire. The first factor to consider when thinking of successful empires would be geographical location. The second factor would have to be the leadership, and the third would have to be the method in which the empire expands. All of these factors are what makes a small civilization with great potential a formidable empire that lasts longer than a lifetime.
Almost every religion instructs its believers to visit a holly place in a specific time with a determined manner. This kind of worship, which is called pilgrimage in general, and hajj in Islam is also one of the main reasons of human mobility throughout the history. These very exhausting, even dangerous journeys have been written both for the uniqueness of experience and to guide other pilgrims who would travel in a similar way. In Persian literature, as a literal genre situated within the travel writing, there are plenty of these hajj narratives, which are called “safarnāma”.