Person-After World War II And Pilsudski's Democracy In Poland

One event that encouraged Anti-Semitism and increased tensions leading up to Kristallnacht and beyond was the announcement of the Nuremberg Laws in September of 1935. This set of laws created by the Nazi party made sharp distinctions between the rights and privileges of Germans and Jews (Sigward 291). This redefined citizenship in the Third Reich and laid the groundwork for a racial state. For example, the Reich of Citizenship Law stripped Jews of their citizenship, claiming they didn’t have “German blood” (Sigward 291). Those of Jewish descent were denied the right to vote and the ability to obtain a valid passport or visa to leave the country. This law completely dehumanized Jews living in Germany and made them stateless, which caused those of the Aryan race or pure German descent to feel superior. In the Nuremburg Laws, Article 5 of the First Regulation to the Reich Citizenship Law defined a Jew as a descendant of three or more Jewish grandparents or two Jewish parents (Sigward 293). These laws lead to the Jews being persecuted for who they were, rather than the faith they believed during previous years. As a result of these laws being carried out, German nationalism and Anti-Semitism across the Reich increased drastically .

The first phase began when the Nuremburg Laws were passed in 1935. These laws stripped Jews of their German citizenship, property, and jobs. Jews were required to wear a bright yellow Star of David attached to their clothing to make it easy for Nazis to identify them. The

The Zabinski’s era was shaped by the looming threat of war. “Sometime in the winter of 1937-38, Hitler became convinced that he would not live much longer, and that therefore the time had come to translate the prospect of a greater German Reich into action…” (Lukacs 168). Thus, in 1939, Hitler pushed to incorporate Poland into Germany, “…reducing Poland to a satellite or, at most, to a junior ally of Germany—even at the risk of war” (Lukacs 168). Nine days before Germany invaded Poland, Joachim Ribbentrop, Hitler’s minister of foreign affairs, signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, a non-aggression pact

Discrimination against the Jews started immediately after the Nazi seized power in Germany on January 30, 1933. Hitler had a vision for Germany that they belonged to Aryan master race. Hitler also believed the Jews were interfering with that vision. Hitler's discrimination against Jews began April 7, 1933, with a law passed stating Jewish member couldn't practice their religion. The Nazi regime began pushing out Jews from the country voluntarily with violence. Jewish businesses were attacked and denied access to markets and advertisements. On September 1935 Nuremberg Laws, which prohibited Jews and Germans to be married, was put into effect. The Reich citizenship law stated that those of Germanic or relative blood were defined as citizens which means Germans were striped of their citizenship. By the start of WWII around 250,000 of Germany's Jews emigrated to the United States, Great Britain and other countries.

In Poland in the year of 1942 was when Poles first had to start choosing. On September 24th 1942 the City Chief (Mayor) ,Dr. Franke, issued a proclamation restricting the helping of Jew. (Document A) Around this time Jew were also transported to ghettos. Ghettos are largely populated area of only Jews where they rarely got food and it was very unsanitary there. The proclamation restricted any Jew from leaving the ghettos and the punishment was death to them and their families. Non-Jews were not allowed to help them either. Non-Jews were restricted from: providing Jews with shelter, delivering them food, and selling them

In pre-war 1933-1934 the first set of legislations were announced the first major law was “Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service” and was passed in April 7th 1933. This law excluded Jewish from “state service” which was the exclusion from organisations, professions, university and other aspects of life. May 10th 1933 was the first burning of books publicly written by Jewish authors and peoples who spoke out about the status of Germany. 1935 was a tough year for Jewish citizens. May 21st the army expels Jewish peoples from their respected roles. September 15th was the day that the “Nuremberg laws” passed, these laws we’re the REAL wave of anti-Semitic laws these laws were Jewish people where not considered to be part of the German race, they’ve been disconnected as citizens and now are just “Jews” and is where we get to see the hatred of the “different/inferior” races. They’ve also defended the word “Jew” even though that’s kind of impossible, and that is “Anyone with three Jewish grandparents; someone with two Jewish grandparents who identifies as a Jew.” Things only got worse with time, as in 1936 three major laws were pass to limit the Jewish communities occupations. They were banned from being: Tax agents, Advisors (January 1936) Veterinarians (April 1936) and lastly they’re banned from working as teachers in government school (October 1936) they’re being limited of where they can work and are slowly being forced out of Germany. 1939 august 1st laws past that Jews are not permitted to buy lottery tickets. Many other laws were passed such as limiting number of Jewish students going to schools and university, Jews aren’t allowed to enter bars, banning midwives from having an

Between 1933 and 1935, the issuance of laws against the Jews was torrential. Jewish doctors and lawyers were boycotted, then they started to be excluded from state job positions and, in the end, they were marginalized from the social life. However, in 1935, the Nuremberg Race Laws were adopted. They were mainly based on two main ideas: the “Reichsbuergergesetz”, which stated that Jews were deprived of the German citizenship, and the “Gesetz zum Schutze des Blues deutschen und der deutschen Ehre”, which prohibited marriages between Aryans and inferior races. Because of the adoption of these laws, Jews started to be excluded from many professions, from the military service and, in some cases, were forced to leave Germany and they could not take

One central focus of Nazi propaganda was anti-Semitism. Germans were fed stories of Jewish greed and assistance to foreign enemies (Welch). During periods preceding legislation or executive measures against Jews, propaganda campaigns created an atmosphere tolerant of violence against Jews, particularly in 1935, prior to Nuremberg Race Laws of September and in 1938, before anti-Semitic economic legislation following Kristallnacht (Welch). Propaganda also encouraged acceptance of anti-Semitic legislation, as these appeared to depict the Nazi government as stepping in and “restoring order” (Welch). Newspapers in Germany, such as The Attacker, printed cartoons depicting Jews with stereotypical features and personalities. After the Germans began World War II with the invasion of Poland in September

On April 1, 1933, the Nazis announced a boycott of all Jewish businesses. This was the first of many actions taken to slowly exclude Jews from public life. Later, on September 15, 1935, the Nuremberg Laws were issues. These laws were solely made to exclude Jews from German citizenship and limit their rights. The laws forbid marriages between Jews and German nationals as well as relationships between the two. Jews were not allowed to employ German females in their households and forbidden to hoist the Reich and national flag or to present the colors of such. The punishments for breaking any of the laws were either hard labor, imprisonment or fines. Over the next few years, other anti-Jew laws were issued such as laws excluding them from parks, firing them from government jobs, laws to register their property and a law which permitted Jewish doctors to only work with Jewish patients. Children were also banned from many public places.

“The first Jewish bill was passed in May 1938. It was set a 20% limit for Jews in certain professions and declared that it was a “national duty” for Hungarians to banish Jews to the sidelines in public private life. The second Jewish law was passed the following year. This law limited Jewish employment in the professions to six% and

In 1935, Hitler enacted the Nuremberg Race Laws. These laws targeted various groups of people and stripped them of their citizenship. At first, Jews were the only individuals who were majorly impacted. They were not permitted to marry German citizens or raise German flags. As time passed, however, these rules became more and more restricted and many other "undesirables" (Gypsies, homosexuals, the mentally disabled, Communists, and more) were negatively affected as their names were added to the target list within the Nuremberg Laws.

The Nuremberg Laws effectively banned the Jews from any citizen rights. The ‘Blood Law’ or Reich’s Citizenship Law banned Jews from marrying Germans, it banned them from sexual relations with Aryans, it banned the Jewish people from displaying the National flag and effectively stripped them of their rights to citizenship. The debate about what defined a Jew tested Hitler in the weeks following the Nuremberg Rally eventually creating the ‘mischlinge’ category of 1st or 2nd degree half Jews, all of which were subject to less but varying degrees of discrimination. The two years that followed were also relatively quiet as far the Jewish question was concerned

Along with these rebellions, in the year of 1655, the Swedes invaded Poland, as the Turks ruled Southeast Europe. Then in 1673 a Pole named Jan Sobieski was elected king, bringing us to the large change of territory in the 18th century. “The Poles have not declared war against anybody, and yet three-fourths of the burden of the war have fallen upon them and their country. ”(Hausner 3) The Russian, Prussian and Austrian great powers decided to help themselves to Polish territory.

. "The Reich Citizenship Law: First Regulation (November 14, 1935)." http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/nurmlaw4.html. N.p.. Web. 20 Jan 2013.

After Hitler comes into power, the laws of Jewish persecution become more often, stricter, and more deadly. The next law that passed was that of the Nuremberg Laws these laws stated that none of the Jews in Germany were allowed to marry Aryans or fly the German flag (The Holocaust Background info center). 1935 ended with another law against the Jews being passed, as did the start of 1936.