Psychological Differences between African-American and Caucasian Individuals: An Endless Controversy Alana Carran Psychology 308K 7980 Semester 1209 Alana Carran Dawn K. Lewis Psychology 308K 15 December 2012 Psychological Differences between African-American and Caucasian Individuals: An Endless Controversy Introduction Investigating the psychological differences between African-Americans and their Caucasian counterparts has been fraught with contention, an endless debate revolving around whether or not the lower IQ scores of African-Americans to Caucasians is to be attributed to either environmental or biological factors, or both. Caucasians and African-Americans endure a number of both physical and psychological …show more content…
After applying sampling weights and adjusting for age, body fat, alcohol, smoking and activity, no significant difference in testosterone levels between blacks and whites could be determined, with geometric means of 5.29 ng and 5.11 ng, respectively (Rohrmann, 2007). Therefore, testosterone, according to this study, is not the element responsible for the perceived impulsive behavior of African-Americans. Another study attributes blame to the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) as cause for increased impulsiveness in African-Americans. The MAOA enzyme metabolizes norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine at the synapse, and a decrease in MAOA leads to increased agitation, aggressiveness and impulsiveness; individuals with this dysfunctional gene have a permanent chemical imbalance in their brain that causes them to behave in a more agitated manner. About .5% of whites have this MAOA dysfunction, while 4.7% of blacks have it (Rohrmann, 2007). This difference in brain chemistry encourage racial distinctions between African-Americans and Caucasians, with African-Americans, on the average, having a higher risk of a dysfunctional brain chemical that encourages impulsive behavior and violence, where this does not exist to the same degree in the average Caucasian. ` This “dysfunction,” however, is often called the “warrior gene.” Its existence may be a due to the desire to defend and protect, which has manifested itself
Methodology: In this correlation study the participants were Black males and females residing in Menlo Park, CA and ranged in age from18-27. Participants were chosen by random-digit-dialing telephone selection methods and one hundred fifty-four Black young adults participated. Seventy-three percent of participants were female and 53% reported to have completed some college.
Another example Karoliszyn uses in his article on predictive policing is the idea that genetic makeup could potentially be a cause of violent behavior. He states, “In years to come, many legal experts speculate, brain scans and DNA analysis could help to identify potential criminals at the young age of three.” The warrior gene is one of the things that scientist are looking for in these DNA tests and brain scans. This gene codes for the monoamine oxidase enzyme (MAOA). In “The Warrior Gene: Epigenetic Considerations,” it talks about the actions of those with the warrior gene. “Antisocial and violent behavior may or may not be associated with psychological measures that indicate an underlying personality disorder,” states the author of “The Warrior Gene: Epigenetic
A much discussed gene in the field of genetic psychology is the MAOA gene which encodes the MAO-A enzyme. Monoamine oxidase A is an enzyme that can degrade amine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. Several variants of the gene are seen in humans due to different combinations of the alleles that make it up. MAOA-L, a variant of the gene linked with aggressive and violent behaviour - predominantly amongst men - has earned itself the nickname ‘the warrior gene’ and is cited as a cause for antisocial behavioural tendencies. Following the large extent of research around the gene and its translation onto peoples’ behaviour, the presence of the gene has been argued in court as a grounding for defence in situations where
Owning a business as an african american is an outstanding accomplishment. Independent success in the african american community proves what can be done with no interference from any external factors. A study was conducted showing that employers are less likely to respond to inquiries on jobs and resumes with a stereotypical “black name” on it. This study proves that many fail to give African Americans a chance to prove themselves and are willing to do anything to keep african americans down. A primary example of this is the destruction of Black Wall Street. The blacks living in that area were doing well for themselves, having ownership of every business in that neighborhood including movie theaters, hotels, cafes, banks, and etc. This all
The perception of racism towards African Americans in the United States is shown through both current American novels and films. Nearly every novel and film made today portrays a sense of racism towards African Americans and continually has the African American gangster and the white man hero. Unfortunately, many African Americans are categorized compared to whites as less qualified, educated and trustworthy. More specifically, the novel Southland acknowledged a different racial perception of jobs towards whites and people of color in relation to being a police officer. White people are continually represented as the proper, social and economical power by what jobs they are given and the actions they take. Different novels, films and
The Institute for Policy Studies recently released a report on wealth in America. The survey looked at a number of statistical breakdowns of our countries wealth from simple dollars in the bank to overall net worth to land holdings. To give some perspective to the numbers, let's start with some basic understandings:
Mental health issues can develop in an individual as a result of racial stereotyping. “According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States face a social and economic environment of inequality that includes greater exposure to racism which takes a toll on mental health”.
Issues of identity are always a popular topic in art. Every culture always wants to express their own identity. They don't want to be absorbed by the other's culture, especially after world wars, the period of cross cultures.
Forty-four students from Western Kentucky University volunteered and participated in this study (12 men, 22 women; Mage=22.61, SDage=6.18). They were enrolled in undergraduate psychology research method classes at the University and completed the experiment in exchange for course credit. Of the forty-four students who participated, 82% identified themselves as Caucasian, 7% African American, 5% Asian, 4% Latino, 1% Pacific Islander, & 1% Native American. Also, 61% of the participants drink Coca-Cola. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions- individual or collective- with 22 participants per condition. In the individualist group, there were 4 men and 18 women with an age range of 19-47 (Mage=23.32,
In the beginning of the 20th century the United States of America was becoming an industrial power house. While White people were prospering during these times, Blacks were suffering under Jim Crowe segregation laws and Indians were banished to reservations. New immigrants of these days were also suffering as they were often found to be living in crowded and poor living conditions in the city. In 1896 just before the turn of the century, Frederick Hoffman wrote: Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro, in these writings he had a thesis that Blacks would eventually become extinct. He determined this by looking at their rates of illness and mortality rates and explaining that it would be a symptom of nature for the weaker species to become extinct. However, he did not take into account that perhaps these differences may not exist if it weren’t for the effects of poverty and
In a study conducted by the Minnesota Department of Health (2003), researchers addressed mental health disparities between communities of color and the White community in several areas of health and well-being. Results indicated that although the amount of Asian Americans and African Americans students living in Greater Minnesota is relatively small, they reported much higher levels of several key risk behaviors than do their counterpart. More specifically, African Americans tend to score twice as worse as their White counterparts in most areas (sexual activity, fighting, emotional distress, smoking, drinking, family ties, activities, and etc.).
On the other hand, members that were excluded from the study are the ones whom under the influence of alcohol, rigorously medicated, or have psychological disorders (Arab et al., 2011). Also, an open-ended question was required to be answered as a main admissibility criterion, which was “What is your Race?” Male membered should self-identify and respond as either African American-Black or Caucasian American-White.
African Americans continued to live as second class citizens in the 1950’s and 1960’s, especially in the South, despite the Fourteenth Amendment and the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited states from denying anyone the right to vote due to race. States passed laws directed at separating the races and keeping blacks from the polls. During these times, African Americans and other Americans led an organized and strong movement to fight for racial equality. The movement often met with strong opposition, such as in Birmingham, Alabama, where police sprayed protestors with high pressure fire hoses. In
Anxiety is also a risk factor of IPV. Male partners are more prone to involve alcohol use and even consider using illicit drugs. The effects of alcohol use are socio-demographics, mental health, personality disorders, and comorbid violence; almost 80% of IPV perpetrators use alcohol. A study was conducted to evaluate the similarities and differences in psychological predictors amongst Black and Hispanic women. A similar association between psychological and sexual IPV found that male partners depression was the worst of sexual IPV amongst the Black, but not the Hispanic women. Also, the ethnic variation effects the depression, was more seen in the Black males, but not the Hispanic males. The differences include the presentation and manifestation of the depression. The difference could be the higher comorbidity between impulse control and depression, mainly for those in minorities, poor environments and low soci-economic status individuals. Literature suggest that anger is a component of men’s depression, which can be associated with behavioral and conduct issues. Black individuals with low soci-economic
How you do in school, your social ability, and your awareness of others are all guided by how you identify. Identification in one’s gender, race, religion, social class, and ethnicity are all driving forces behind your future self. Identity is a crucial part of who you are, and in recent studies and experimentation researchers have been trying to identify new, untested factors that influence behavior in people. Although, in the past there hasn’t been a strong focus on the positive and negative effects of race and ethnicity, the conversation is now shifting to align itself with the current times. With America becoming increasingly more ethnically and racially diverse, we must take the time to see how certain factors, specifically race and ethnicity, impact a person’s development and behavior.