Pertussis Case Studies

Cause: Whooping Cough, also known as Pertussis, is a highly contagious disease affecting the respiratory system (nose, throat, lungs and airways) and is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The ‘whoop’ from the cough derives from the deep breaths at the end of each bout of coughing. Whooping cough is very infectious and affects individuals of all ages.

The question left to understand is how to prevent the spread of pertussis to those under one year of age and to those unable to receive the vaccine. Prevention would require different methods to stop the spread of pertussis. Wagner and Clodfelter (2014) explained using simple techniques such as hand

People of any age can compact the disease, children under the age of two are at the highest risk for both the disease and for serious difficulty and death. Evidently, exposure to B. pertussis bacteria earlier in life gives people immunity against infection with it later on. .Whooping cough may begin like a common cold; runny nose, low-grade fever, and coughing. It spreads when an infected person sneezes or coughs while in close contact with others. Unlike the common cold, the pertussis cough continues and may get worse. Coughing can come in violent fits. The name “whooping cough” comes from the high-pitched noise a “whoop” that infants and children make when they gasp for air after a fit of

Pertussis remains a problem due to a lack of immunity (Teepe, et al., 2015, p. 662). Currently, children are more often vaccinated while adults are not causing a disease incidence shift towards adults (Teepe, et al., 2015, p. 662). The study’s reasoning states “Distinguishing pertussis on clinical grounds alone from other causes of acute cough could help physicians better target testing for

Pertussis, also known as “whooping cough”, is a highly contagious bacterium that attaches to the cilia in the upper respiratory system that leads to the airway swelling. The symptoms resemble the same as a mild cold, however infants do experience apnea; where their breathing halts. Since it does present as a cold, most people neglect to go to the hospital until they experience the more severe symptoms. This becomes a problem when the baby develops the “whooping cough” most of the time they need medical attention at a hospital (Pertussis| Whooping Cough).

Before a vaccine was available, whooping cough (also known as pertussis) killed about 9,000 people in the US each year. Now, the pertussis vaccine has reduced the annual number of deaths to less than 30. Although the disease is still around, and continues to be on the rise across the globe.

Pertussis is caused by Bordetella Pertussis, which attacks the lungs.While the bacteria are in the body it restricts airflow due to the excess mucus stuck in the passageways. The disease is highly contagious, fluid from the mouth and nose is where you are more likely to find traces of Pertussis. You have a higher chance of getting the infection if you have been around someone who already has it and you've come in contact with their sneeze, cough, and/or tears. Pertussis is separated into three stages: catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. In the catarrhal stage, you will begin to notice the child coughing, sneezing, and possibly run a fever. You will assume that your child has a common cold but it last around 1-2 weeks and will progress

Worldwide, it is estimated that there are 16 million pertussis (whooping cough) cases and about 195,000 pertussis deaths in children per year. Despite generally high coverage with childhood pertussis vaccines, pertussis is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths worldwide. Most deaths occur in young babies who are either unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated. bordetella pertussis is the most common and most deadly to children.Bordetella pertussis circulates worldwide, but disease rates are highest among young children in countries where vaccination coverage is low, which is primarily in the developing world. In developed countries, the incidence of pertussis is highest among unvaccinated

Whooping cough (Pertussis) is a highly infectious disease spread from person to person via aerosol droplets. People with the disease usually spread by coughing or sneezing while following close contact with other people breathe in the pertussis bacteria. Pertussis can cause serious illness in infants, children and adults. This disease starts with symptoms such as fever and maybe mild cough or cold. After 1-2 weeks, severe coughing can begin. Unlike the flu, it can be a series of pertussis continue coughing fit during the week. The cough in infants may also have a minimum or not even. Infants may have a symptom known as "apnea." Apnea is a pause in the child's breathing pattern. Pertussis is most dangerous for babies. More than half of infants under 1 year old should get more diseases hospital. Until it forced to suck air with the sound you gone out

Whooping Cough, or Pertussis, is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection. Caused by a bacteria that latches on the Cilia of the upper respiratory system, Pertussis can last up to ten weeks with varying degrees of damage if left untreated. The infection is transmitted though contact with bodily fluids from the mouth or nose of the infected person or even from sharing a close breathing space. The early symptoms of infection can be difficult to notice at first because of how common they are with other illnesses, but late stage symptoms can be highly noticeable. More often tan not the recovery time for the infected can be quite a while and health complications are possible due to the damage done by the bacteria. Early treatment can be exteremley

B. pertussis is the causative agent for whooping cough, an acute respiratory infection marked by severe, spasmodic coughing episodes (Bordetella Species, 2004). B. pertussis is spread by direct contact with droplets from coughing by an infected person. It can continue to transmit the bacteria three weeks after coughing spells have stopped. Whooping cough can be carried by individuals who are immune and transmitted to those who are not. The epidemic cycles in most countries is every few years (Bordetella pertussis, 2007).

Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella pertussis are Gram-negative bacteria that cause respiratory diseases in animals and humans. The current incidence of whooping cough or pertussis caused by B. pertussis has reached levels not observed since the 1950s. Although traditionally known as a severe acute childhood disease, its recent resurgence has been associated with an increased incidence in vaccinated adolescents and adults. Infected individuals become silent carriers, facilitating transmission and circulation in the population. Similarly, vaccinated and non-vaccinated animals continue to be carriers of B. bronchiseptica and shed bacteria resulting in disease outbreaks. The persistence mechanisms of these bacteria remain poorly

Epidemiology: Brucellosis is an extremely rare disease in the United States as a result of veterinary control measures. Currently fewer than 100 cases are reported annually most of which comes from California, Florida, Texas, and Virginia. Most human cases of brucellosis in the U.S. are due to B. melitensis. Internationally,

Whooping cough knowingly as pertussis is a cough caused by bacterial infection that gets into your nose and throat. It spreads very easily, but vaccineslike DTaP and Tdap can help prevent it in children and adults.

The exact mechanism of this is unknown however there have been several hypotheses. B. burgdorferi has been shown to have the ability to form cyst-like forms, almost entering latency, in which they can hide from the immune response as well as evade antibiotic treatment (Brorson & Brorson, 1997). In their study, Gruntar et al. (2001) found that Borrelia garinii are particularly resilient as they can return to its motile state even after freeze then thawing the cysts. Another theory states that the inflammatory response may cause permanent damage to neurons therefore causing symptoms of pain, fatigue and malaise months after initial infection (Hildenbrand et al.,