Pertussis Paper

Yes, Pertussis is a disease that is only found in humans which is transferred by body fluids (“Causes and Transmission,” 2015).

Whooping cough-Cold and cough symptoms. Cough will gradually get worse and after around 2 weeks the coughing bouts start. These will make it difficult for the child to breathe. The child may choke or vomit and may also get a whooping sound after coughing.

The second stage is evasion of host defenses. Pertussis uses adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) and pertussis toxin (PT), a complex bacterial toxin, to evade host defenses. ACT inhibits the motility and activation of phagocytes and T-lymphocytes, while PT targets the lung’s immune system. This prevents neutrophils from reaching the respiratory tract quickly, and also promotes the infection through macrophages. PT also causes lymphocytosis, which is an influx of lymphocytes in the blood. (1-2)

Pertussis is caused by Bordetella Pertussis, which attacks the lungs.While the bacteria are in the body it restricts airflow due to the excess mucus stuck in the passageways. The disease is highly contagious, fluid from the mouth and nose is where you are more likely to find traces of Pertussis. You have a higher chance of getting the infection if you have been around someone who already has it and you've come in contact with their sneeze, cough, and/or tears. Pertussis is separated into three stages: catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent. In the catarrhal stage, you will begin to notice the child coughing, sneezing, and possibly run a fever. You will assume that your child has a common cold but it last around 1-2 weeks and will progress

Cause: Whooping Cough, also known as Pertussis, is a highly contagious disease affecting the respiratory system (nose, throat, lungs and airways) and is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The ‘whoop’ from the cough derives from the deep breaths at the end of each bout of coughing. Whooping cough is very infectious and affects individuals of all ages.

Pertussis or whooping cough affects the respiratory system. It is a contagious infection of the respiratory tract. Pertussis is caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. The disease is highly contagious. Infected people are most contagious up to about 2 weeks after the cough begins. The bacteria spread easily through the air from person to person through tiny drops of fluid from an infected person's nose or mouth. When an infected person sneezes or coughs, others can become infected when they inhale the drops or get the drops on their hands and then touch their mouths or noses. These bacteria attach to the cilia that line part of the upper respiratory system. The bacteria release toxins which damage the cilia

Scenario Two involves investigating the risk and benefits of the pertussis immunization. Farah, a mother of her 2 week old son Rami, decided she needs to know more about the risk of the immunization before she makes her final decision and immunize her son. The question that was given was: In infants, how does being immunized against pertussis, compared with not being immunized, effect morbidity and mortality? A search process was documented in this essay to show how research can be performed in order to answer this particular scenario and question.

Whooping cough is a respiratory disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. The disease is contageous and spread very rapidly. Though there were vaccines but the bacterium might have resistant of the vaccine. Thus the diseased has spread abruptly. So the disease is considered as emerging infectious disease. Generally the first couple of weeks are infectious in Pertusis. The etiological agent of whooping cough or pertusis is a gram negative aerobic pathogen namely bordetella pertussis. The toxins released by this bacterium include pertussis toxin, haemagglutinin, fimbria and cytotoxin. This is a motile bacterium that can only live in humans, means humans are their only hosts. Whooping cough is an infectious disease that spread through

Despite vaccination, the incidence of pertussis in children younger than one has increased to more than one half of all childhood pertussis case due the undeveloped immunity (Gregory, 2006). Pertussis can be fatal in infants. Infants younger than six months with pertussis are more likely to develop complications, and to require hospitalization (Guinto-Ocampo et al., 2010).

A. The problem identified in this case is pertussis disease transmission rate. Pertussis is a highly infectious respiratory disease, which has been a major health concern across the globe. The disease incidences have been increasing steadily over the years despite the fact that there is a vaccine available, which is effectively in use. Researchers and scientists have been unable to explain this trend with various reasons provided creating a very difficult environment to understand the cause since every researcher provides a different explanation explaining the increasing rate of incidence of pertussis despite the vaccine being available. Pertussis disease has been responsible for at least 100,000 deaths across the globe annually (Spector &

To date, there is no evidence in the literature that shows that the transmition can occurs person to person. People get it when they breathe in a mist or vapor

Pertussis (whooping cough) is a vaccine preventable, highly contagious respiratory infection caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. Humans are the only reservoir for B. pertussis: the bacterium is spread by aerosolized droplets, i.e. coughing and close contact.

On older respiratory disease thought to be controlled for years with the vaccine, has resurfaced. This contagious bacterial, disease is called Pertussis which is caused “by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis.” (CDC, 2015) Pertussis is a respiratory disease which is highly contagious that is contracted after being exposed to sneezing and coughing from an infected person. Symptoms resemble the common cold with accompanied by a persistent, heavy cough. Another name for Pertussis is whooping cough, because of the whooping sound a person makes.

M. pneumoniae is generally referred to as primary atypical or walking pneumonia because the symptoms are not as sever as pneumonia. The symptoms include a dry hacking cough, fever, and headache. The symptoms will last for about 2 to 3 weeks. M. pneumoniae affects people worldwide. Typically only 33 % of people who have M. pneumoniae will get atypical pneumonia. The majority, 77 %, will come down with an upper tract infection (tracheaobronchitis). (Pulmonary Disorders pg 609) M. pneumoniae is transmitted through aerosol droplets. The bacterium is capable of infecting anyone at any time but it has a pattern of coming in the fall and winter and causing an outbreak every 4 to 8 years, although more tight communities occur more frequently. The pathogen rarely occurs on children less than 4 years of age. Since the bacterium lacks a cell wall, B-lactums are futile against them. The body’s immune system is responsible for killing the pathogen. There were 2 million cases in the US with 100,000 requiring hospitalization. The mortality rate is very low with only occasional fatalities among the elderly and sickle cell anemia persons. ( ).

Consequently, the incidence of pertussis remains high with teens to adults thus they are the major source of transmission to infants, which often proves itself deadly to infants under 8 weeks of age (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Reasons for this low rate of immunization ranges from deficient knowledge, fear of vaccines adverse effects to the lack of accessible and affordable programs (Blendell, R. L., Fehr, J. L., 2012). The Institute of Medicine released a consensus report in 2011 that explains the evidence refuting health problems such as autism or asthma links to vaccines and found only common self-limiting adverse effects of vaccination including injection site reactions or localized pain, fever, and malaise (Blendell, R. L., Fehr, J. L.,