Pertussis Vaccination: A Case Study

As predicted the E. coli colony transformed with either the PUC18 or the lux plasmid developed an ampicillin resistance. Which made it easier for them to not only survive but also replicate in both the LB agar plates and the LB ampicillin rich agar plate. However the E. coli colony not treated with the plasmids could not survive and colonize in the LB ampicillin rich agar plates. The plate that had no ampicillin in its environment and no plasmid treated E. coli served as a positive control for this experiment because it demonstrated how the E. coli would colonize and grow in a normal setting. The cells in the positive control plate grew into lawn colonies because they were not placed into a selective environment or transformed, so they had no need to acquire ampicillin resistance. Two plates in the experiment contained E. coli cells that were transformed with either the PUC18 or the lux plasmid but were placed in an ampicillin free environment. These two colonies grew

All too often we hear on the news of the devastating effects of a disease that could have been prevented by vaccines, but because of parents refusal to vaccinate their infants and children, public health professionals are now confronted with a health crisis. The importance of vaccinations is to provide children with added protection because of a young, developing immune system. Consequently, vaccines will help in boosting the immune system in recognizing and protecting children from vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles, mumps, and pertussis, also known as whooping cough.1 For example, pertussis, a bacterial infection that is preventable by vaccines, has infected 16 million persons worldwide, and causes about 195,000 deaths

(Biology Dept.). 0.1 ml of E.coli K or 0.1ml of E.coli B was added to the 10 fold dilution. Using soft agar technique, the growth media mixture with E.coli was plated and incubated.

E. coli HB101 was transformed with pGLO plasmid then grown on media containing ampicillin and/or arabinose and on medium containing neither (Brown, 2011). This is done for selection of transformed cells since not all cells are expected to take up the plasmid (Brown, 2011). We also expect roughly the same CFU on any plate(s) receiving samples from the same microcentrifuge tube, since they are getting the exact same

Control plasmids lux and pUC18 were introduced into E. Coli through a process of transformation.

Also, the analysis depicts the geographic distributions of pertussis mortality across the United States. During 2000-2010, 184 deaths were directly attributed to pertussis, which occurred only in California, Pennsylvania and Texas.2 California had the highest morality rate, at 35 deaths in the ten-year period.2 Notably, the White population of reported pertussis morality was at the highest at 160 of 184 deaths.2 Also, there has been an increase in reported cases in the United Sates, in 2000 there were 12 reported deaths and in 2010 there were 26 deaths.2 94 percent of the pertussis related mortality occurred in infants (less than 1 years old) who are not fully immunized.

Whooping cough, which is also known as, Pertussis, is caused by infection by the Bordetella Pertussis bacteria. A highly contagious bacterial disease affects the respiratory system and produces spasms of coughing that usually end in a high-pitched whooping sound.

As a health care professional different screening are to be mad e to improve pertussis vaccination. Once a patient is admitted screening and if probable vaccinate parents of infants and children, all emergency room visits, pregnant women at appropriate trimester. It was mentioned that establishing standing

The purpose of the experiment was to isolate plasmid DNA, followed by restriction digestion using restriction endonucleases and then visualizing the digested fragments after subjecting to gel electrophoresis. Plasmid DNA (pSP72 DNA) was isolated from Escherichia coli KAM32 (E.coli) cultures using the QIA prep miniprep kit and then subjected to restriction digestion by EcoRI and HindIII. The restriction digested DNA was then loaded into the wells of 0.7% agarose gel and subjected to electrophoresis. It can be concluded from our results that our plasmid DNA isolation was successful and the restriction digestion results were partially in agreement with our hypothesis.

Pertussis remains a problem due to a lack of immunity (Teepe, et al., 2015, p. 662). Currently, children are more often vaccinated while adults are not causing a disease incidence shift towards adults (Teepe, et al., 2015, p. 662). The study’s reasoning states “Distinguishing pertussis on clinical grounds alone from other causes of acute cough could help physicians better target testing for

it seems that the acellular pertussis vaccines (DTaP and Tdap) we use now may not protect as long as the whole cell vaccine (DTP) we used to use. There were higher rates of minor and temporary side effects such as fever and pain and swelling at the injection site with DTP. There was rare but reported serious neurologic adverse reaction which led to chronic neurological problems after the DTP vaccine. Due to these adverse effects and public concerns the United States switched from the use DTP to DTaP using acellular pertussis vaccines for babies and

Isolation of plasmid DNA from three cultures of E.coli using a method known as the alkaline lysis method.

Throughout history, it has been shown that vaccines make a significant impact on the health of our communities and “administration of these vaccines led to dramatic reduction in the number of cases of, as well as deaths from smallpox, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, measles, mumps and preventable diseases” (Jacobson, 2012, p.36). Generally, those involved in campaigns for and research in these preventable diseases attribute vaccines for children as the main contributing factor to the overall decline in diseases such as measles, mumps, smallpox and pertussis (Jacobson, 2012). In the public health setting, there are many issues that threaten the health and safety of the public, not just in the local community but the nation and world-wide. One such issue, surfacing in public health, is the issue of vaccinations; those who choose to vaccinate, those who choose not to vaccinate and those who do not

After the incubation, 1.5 mL of each of the three cultures were added to eppendorf tubes and centrifuged at 13,200 rpm for 1 minute. An alkaline lysis procedure like that of Birnboim and Doly was then performed to extract the plasmid DNA with 200 μl of alkaline SDS detergent solution (Birnboim & Doly, 1979). After

This experiment was performed to test the hypothesis if LB nutrient broth, +pGLO and -pGLO Ampicillin, and Arabinose was placed in the E. coli plates, then there will be a significant growth in the newly transformed bacteria and it will possess the ability to glow under UV light. The measurements were recorded from the bent glass tube in each glass test tube. The transformation protocol tested for the newly possessed traits in E.coli bacteria. Throughout the experiment there were many probable reasons for failure. If the pipettes and sterile loop were not thrown out in between each use, a cross contamination could cause a miscalculation in the experiment causing the data results to fail. The hypothesis that was tested was validated due to the positive results with each experiment stating that newly transformed organisms due in fact pass on traits.