Peru Current Research Paper

Bolivia is a Spanish speaking country in South America surrounded by other Spanishspeaking countries; Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, and Peru. Bolivia was conquered in the 1500’s by Spain, but became independent in 1825. Home to the Andes Mountains and several tropical rain forests, Bolivia is a major vacation spot. The country was named after a previous general from Venezuela who helped them gain their freedom from Spain. Interestingly enough, Bolivia has two capitols which are Sucre and La Paz. Despite the fun fact, that Bolivia has two capitols in their country, their history proves just how hard they had to work to get that freedom (World Book 442-446).

Capital punishment (death penalty) consists in killing (by humane, painless means) a convict; this penalty can be sentenced if the criminal perpetuate a serious crime, such as: murder, treason, terrorism, and espionage. Shamefully in Peru, crimes that should have been punished with capital sentence have incremented in 24% between 2011 and 2013; and it is estimated that in 2014 alone, more than 2000 of this types of crimes were perpetrated. The amount of serious crimes is constantly increasing, and show no signs of stopping anytime soon So, should capital punishment be applied for serious crimes in Peru? The logical answer is yes, and in the following lines, it will be explained why the application of this punishment is imperative.

Peru is located in western South America and it shares borders with Chile, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador and the South Pacific Ocean. Peru is about 1.28 million square kilometers. There are three major regions in Peru: a narrow coastal belt, the wide Andean mountains and the Amazon Basin. The coast is mostly a desert, but contains Peru's major cities. The Andes has two main ranges - Cordillera Occidental and Oriental. Oriental includes Peru's highest mountain called Huascaran, it a peaks out at 22,200ft. On the east side is the Amazon Basin, a region of tropical lowland, the water there is carried out by the Maranon and Ucayali rivers.

There are twenty Spanish speaking counties worldwide. Out of those twenty countries there are about 475 million Spanish speaking people. People often believe most Hispanics are very similar in these countries, but in fact they are very diverse. Some the differences are the foods, music, and history of the people. The two countries that show this are Peru and Mexico. These countries are from two distinct cultures and two different continents.

Peru is an ever-changing climate system due to the mixture of terrain and climate that consist of everything from tropical forest in the east and deserts in the west. Additionally, in the Andes Mountains the temperature is always much colder than the rest of the Country and is located in the center of the Country. Peru maintains a stable southern hemisphere climate, one that is near reversed of the northern hemisphere with the summer months being December through February and the winter following in July through September. However, off the coast of South America an event changes the weather that happens every 2-7 years. The local citizens have named this event El Nino, which means "The Little Boy" due to its occurrence in December. During El Nino, the waters off Peru's coast begin to warm and cause large numbers of fish to die, effecting the wildlife and local population greatly. The fishers that live on the coast of Peru suffer tremendously due to the fish that die off are their main source of food and food production during this event. Additionally,

Hypothesis: Due to the recent study published in the peer-reviewed journal Global Change Biology says increased flow variability has crucial negative effects on salmon populations of multiple climate factors considered and the salmon quality over the recent years showing a decline the prediction is the findings will include that there is indeed a decline in riverine ecosystem that are due to human as well as natural causes.

The present day country of Peru today is nothing like the Peru during the 1200 through 1519. Before the conquistadors arrived in Peru, a group of natives called the Incas had existed there. The Incas had lived in the Inca Empire between 1200 to 1532, which was created by Manco Capac. Manco Capac was a person who was deemed to be cultural hero according to Inca mythology.["Peru History Timeline."] The mostly known ruler of the Incas was Pachacuti who had been known for gaining territory for the empire. During this time, Pachacuti was not the ruler of Inca empire but in fact his father, Viracocha was emperor. Pachacuti had done this due to the fact that the Inca’s rival, the Chanca Indians were invading the empire. The legendary battle of Cuzco

Increasing temperatures are an immediate threat to the earth and its many diverse ecosystems. Our group chose to take an in depth look at the effects of climate change on freshwater fish species, specifically on the rising air and freshwater temperatures and how they affect a cold water dwelling fish species such as the trout. We will explore how the distribution of trout has changed over time with rising temperatures, how fires due to climate change affect trout populations, and lastly what the economic impacts of increased water temperatures will be on fisheries.

Culture is the aquired knowledge that people use to interpret, experience, and generate social behavior.

For example, EI Nino threatens Peru's anchovy harvest, which could mean higher prices for food. The warm water of Ei Nino keeps the nutrient-rich cold water which procides anchovies with food down at the bottom of the ocean. Anchovies are the primary source of fish meal which is the main ingredient in animal

Easterly trade winds, can filter and transform into westerlies. Thus, allowing great masses of warm water to flow from the western Pacific toward the Americas. This then can reduce the upwelling of cooler, nutrient-rich waters from the ocean and shut down or reverse it completely. Overall, El Nino alters ocean life by reducing the fish populations along the eastern Pacific shores and it does this in a couple distinctive ways. As El Nino weakens upwelling of cool nutrient-rich water to the ocean surface, the amount of phytoplankton decreases.

The El Nino is a major factor of the climatic change and disturbance that has a global effect. El Nino Impacts the dynamic of ecosystem worldwide, Recent studies predicts that human generated rises in greenhouse gas levels will have a huge impact on the strength and the frequency of El Nino warming events. These studies are a main aspect that sparked up many scientists to focus on the ecological implication of El Nino on different organisms and how El Nino is effecting these organisms. This was a reason why many studies were done to have a full understanding of what really El Nino is? Also, few of these studies were focused on how to measure the impact of these processes on genetic diversity in an ecosystem. there was one study that mainly focused on the genetic impacts of El Nino on the marine Iguana in the Galapagos islands. Here in this review, the first portion was to have a full understanding of El Nino and how its actual happen and

The Superintendence Resolution No. 286-2009 / SUNAT and its amendments established the provisions for taxpayers to implement their books and records related to tax matters electronically. This regulation is effective from July 1, 2010.

Cirilo Quispe Latorre, the mayor of Cachimayo district recalls how the climate has change just since he was younger: “The rains used to start in October, and we would plant broad beans, wheat, and potatoes. Now the rains begin around mid-December, and we lose more than a month and a half of growing time.” (Hufstader, 2009). Latorre goes on to say that the rains, which once ended in April now end in March. This significantly diminishes the amount of time that farmers have to produce crops which in turn has led to decreases in the output of crops in the last twelve years (Hufstader, 2009). However, according to the USAID report on Peru, annual rainfall percentages have not changed drastically over the last 40 years. There has been an increase in the coastal regions and highlands (where most of farming takes place), a decrease in the jungle areas, and little change anywhere else (US AID, 2011).What has changed though, is the extent of the drought periods which cannot be alleviated by the intense periods of rain (US AID, 2011). This issue could be helped in the long term by utilizing more advanced irrigation methods that could store water during the intense rains to help alleviate some of the burden of the long droughts.

Recently, the weather has varied greatly from traditional for many areas within the United States; the East Coast has had next to zero snow, while Midwest states have been hit by several heavy snowstorms. Although this change in weather patterns, compared to the average year, may appear unordinary and confusing, it can be attributed to the fact that a very strong El Niño is currently underway. El Niño occurs when trade winds in the Pacific Ocean decrease in magnitude, which in turn results in less upwelling in the ocean off the east coast of South America. Without the usual amount of upwelling occurring, not as much cold water is brought to the surface, and the water in the Pacific Ocean, particularly around the equator, becomes much warmer than normal. Although it may not be blatantly obvious why the temperature of water in the Central Pacific would have such an effect on the United States, ocean currents and atmospheric circulation are the backbone for climatic conditions worldwide.