Ph Determination Lab Report

When using different methods to measure pH levels there are some tools that can be useful. Some more than others but by putting into action the different methods it may determine which tools will work best and give the best results when testing the pH within a solution. The pH, which stands for the proportion of hydrogen ions in a solution, could be acidic (acidosis), neutral or basic (alkaline). The pH scale goes from numbers 1 through 14. A pH of 7 is neutral;

Acid rain has also affected the ground too. The acidic liquid that has made it to ground

The U.S EPA in its report entitled "Climate Change Indicators in the United States", states that over the years 1995-2010 there has been a rise in concentrated carbon dioxide in water, which is causing the pH to drop while raising the acidity of coastal waters. The acidity levels are set on a pH scale which ranges from 0 to 14, 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. The goal of this experiment is to better understand the vulnerability of crops to sea level rise caused by the rising acidification of the ocean due to the increasing CO2 emissions. This experiment has simulated the effect of ocean acidification by adding different levels of acidity to different rice plants. The acidity will be tested in order to determine how much the rice will continue to grow with increasing acidity in the environment. The National Center for Biotechnology Information in its report labeled, NAME recent studies have shown that rice plants are adapting and will continue to grow at high acidic levels. In order to test this, the natural levels of acidity in fresh water (control) will be compared to plants exposed to pH levels ranging between 5 and 8, with 8 representing the average ocean pH. Plants were grown under slightly flooded conditions as suggested by the report “How Rice Grows” from the California Rice organization.

The collected data does not reject the evidence. The data, however, also does not provide strong evidence for the hypothesis, instead showing that a significant deviance from neutral pH inhibits all enzyme action (the results of 2 ml each for the first and second experimental groups being attributed to human error). Therefore, the data simply shows the greatest reaction rate would have to lie between the pH’s of 4 and 13, as opposed to the hypothesis that the mixture would perform best near a neutral pH of 7.

The experiment began with counting the endless amount of radish seeds in group of sixty, then dividing them into six groups of ten. Paper towels were folded into patches and placed inside six petri dishes. The paper towels will serve as the soil or bases for the seeds on their planted. Afterwards, we performed a serial dilution

On day 2, the seeds didn’t show any growth improvements, but they did start to become softer in touch. As the days continued, the seeds treated with water started to grow sprouts and increase in size. On the other hand, the seeds treated with diluted lemon juice grew little sprouts and did not show much growth in size. Around Day 12 or so, the conclusion that seeds watered with acid rain did not grow as much really stood out. By looking at the regular watered seeds and how far they had come along, the acid rain seeds did not seem to have a chance. This time, it was obvious that the acid rain seeds were not as healthy as they should be. On Day 15, the seeds watered with water showed a tremendous growth and some of the bean seeds were starting to grow leaves on them. The other pea and corn seeds were also very long and dirty. Most of the corn seeds were bright red and dirty as well. Even though the acid rain seeds were not as long, they still grew a tiny amount and looked somewhat healthy. All of the stems were green for all types of seeds and grew more than expected of them. Therefore in this experiment, seeds need to be treated by a solution with a pH of 7 in order to prosper in

After a period of time of being exposed to an acidic environment a plant will begin to die. (gardening know how). Over time the water will change the pH of the soil. As the pH level of the soil falls the plant will show obvious symptoms of an acidic environment, such as yellowing between veins.(gardening know how). Acidic water will also eat away at the waxy layer on the plants leaves, which leads to the destruction of chloroplasts and ultimately the death of the plant due to the plant not being able to undergo photosynthesis. When a lot of leaves are damaged at once the plant becomes stressed which attracts pests and

Acid rain is a serious and hazardous environmental problem. It affects large parts of the United States and Canada. It causes damage to water sources, such as lakes and streams, as well as plant life and animals that live in the ecosystems.

Many of the acidic deposits that fall from earth from to the atmosphere can cause the pH of the water to change, making them have a higher acidity than desired. This process was named acid rain from the Scottish chemist, Robert Angus Smith who discovered this in the 19th century (Reed, 2014). Acid rain is commonly known as air pollution today causing many detrimental effects on the environment (Funk & Wagnalls, 2016). Based on the pH of the concentrated rainfall, acid precipitation begins to take place. Acid precipitation begins in the atmosphere since this is where most of the pollutants are being combined to create many of the acids that aid in the acidity of acid rain. Most of the pollutants come from the oxides, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrous oxides (N2O), which later on aid in the acidity of the rain fall (Funk & Wagnalls, 2016). By fully understanding the history and formation of acid rain through inorganic chemistry, scientists can extrapolate the data to help find solutions to decrease the pH concentrations of acid rain.

Acid rain reduces nutrients from soil making the three more vulnerable to environmental factors. Acid rain deteriorates the leaves, limiting nutrients available to them, poisoning them with toxic substances slowly released from the soil.

Acid rain, according to the EPA, is any form of precipitation such as rain, fog, sleet, snow, hail, or even dust that contains acidic components (2016). It can also be called “acid deposition” and will usually contain compounds such as sulfuric or nitric acid in their wet or dry forms. While acid rain might not have an immediate apocalyptic effect on the various life forms of Earth, its impact can very well be lethal over time. This dangerous rain may occur anywhere and everywhere on Earth; however, its most drastic ecological damage can be in aquatic and forest systems. Some fish and other aquatic life have adapted over time, yet the plants that these animals thrive on may not have the same advantages (epa.gov, 2016). Forests have not shared the same optimistic outlook that some of the aquatic systems have had. Experimaental procedures and testing is currently in place, but at this point in time, we cannot permanently reverse the environmental damage that has been done by this type of rain. The only option is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to ensure cleaner, healthier rain for the Earth.

Aquatic areas are ecosystems that are easily influenced by acid deposition because acid precipitation falls directly into them. As acidic liquid gets mixed in the water, the pH level of that body of water decreases. That causes aluminum levels to increase rapidly, both increase of acidity and aluminum levels are directly toxic to the organisms. Besides, low pH and increased aluminum levels cause chronic stress that may not kill individual fish, but leads to lower body weight and smaller size and makes fish less able to compete for food and habitat. Aside from aquatic areas, acid deposition also has impacts on plants. As acid accumulate in the soil, it washes calcium and magnesium away, before trees and other plants can use them to grow. At the same time, acid deposition releases aluminum into the soil that is toxic to all the plants. Thus plants lose their leaves, their barks get damaged, and they cannot grow. Unlike on fish and plants, the effects of acid deposition on humans are not direct but still harmful and lethal in some cases. The released tiny particles in the air can cause respiratory diseases, or can make these diseases worse. Respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis make it difficult people to breathe. Over time, this can go through

Another problem related to the depletion of our earth’s water sources is soil erosion. Soil erosion is a reduction in the quality of topsoil. We need healthy soil to be able to plant healthy foods. Soil erosion reduces cropland activity and contributes to the pollution of waters. Already half of our topsoil has been lost over the last one hundred and fifty years. Our soils are becoming infertile due to being over exposed to harsh chemicals and trash (Gray,

Nowadays acid rain is one of the factors that cause serious depletion of forests in northern Europe and the USA. Acid precipitation changes the chemistry of soils; this causes the elimination of vegetation. In addition, many minerals that

Acid rain is a type of acidic precipitation caused by chemical reactions between the water in the atmosphere and byproducts from the combustion of fossil fuels. Acid rain can be very detrimental to animal and plant life.