Ph Homeostasis Research Paper

• Pulse Oximetry - Tests the percentage of oxygen in the blood. 95% or more is a normal level,

What are the changes you observed in the body color and perspiration level in response to?

→ An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the acidity (pH) and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery.This test helps to detect how well oxygen is able to move into bloodstream and remove carbon dioxide from the blood

Due to the lack of insulin patients with type I diabetes are unable to use glucose as their primary energy source, as a result their body switches to fat metabolism as its source of energy. As a result acidic ketones are produced as metabolic byproduct, this can be directly detected as a decrease in pH on ABG analysis. Patients with moderate to severe DKA have a blood pH ranging from 6.9-7.2, lowered bicarbonate levels and a carbon dioxide partial pressure in the rage of 15-20mmHg. The the cause of our patient her partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 15mmHg, bicarbonate was low and a blood pH of 7.14, these values suggest that the patient has metabolic acidosis and that the diagnosis of DKA is likely correct. While ABG analysis can be used to diagnose DKA several studies suggest that the ABG test results rarely effect a physicians diagnosis, treatment and management of the condition (3). In addition the same studies have shown that the pH venous of venous blood was precise enough to serve as a substitute to arterial pH analysis and is less painful for the patient

When the body undergoes acidosis, meaning the pH drops below 7.35 it is trying to get rid of hydrogen ions by pumping them into the intracellular fluid while compensating by pumping potassium into the extracellular fluid (McCance, Huether, Brashers, & Rote, 2014). If too much potassium is released into the extracellular fluid this can

Summary There are many disorders/diseases that lead to changes in acid base balance. These conditions are not rare or uncommon in clinical practice, but everyday occurrences on the ward or in critical care. Conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (bronchitis or emphasaemia), diabetic ketoacidosis,

Unhealthy: Any value lower than pH 4.6 (acidic) can be caused by uncontrolled diabetes, aspirin overdose, starvation, drinking too much alcohol or antifreeze (ethylene glycol), dehydration, severe diarrhea, or severe lung disease (emphysema). Nevertheless, any value higher than pH 8.0 (alkaline) can be caused by a kidney disease, some urinary tract infections, severe vomiting, and asthma. The urine pH can also be affected by certain medicines (such as antacids) and foods (such as dairy products and citrus fruits).

The first is a chemical buffer, the second line of defence is the respiratory system, and last is the urinary system. These three mechanisms work together to keep body pH within that narrow range. However our bodies are very sensitive to pH levels, so strong mechanisms are in place to in place to regulate it. If pH rises or falls outside acceptable ranges for a specific part of the body, proteins and enzymes may become denatured and lose their ability to function. This could lead to serious damage or death. That is why it’s absolutely essential that our body has a homeostatic mechanism to regulate the correct acid-base balance. One mechanism the body uses to control blood pH involves the release of carbon dioxide from the lungs. Carbon dioxide, which is mildly acidic and is a waste product of the metabolism of oxygen which all cells need and is constantly produced by cells. As with all the waste products, carbon dioxide gets excreted into the blood. The blood carries carbon dioxide to the lungs, where it is exhaled. As carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood, the pH of the blood decreases (acidity increases). The brain regulates the amount of carbon dioxide that is exhaled by controlling the speed and depth of breathing. The amount of carbon dioxide exhaled, and consequently the pH of the blood, increases as breathing becomes faster and deeper. By adjusting the speed and depth of breathing, the brain and lungs are able to regulate the blood pH minute by minute. The kidneys are able to affect blood pH by excreting excess acids or bases. The kidneys have some ability to alter the amount of acid or base that is excreted, but because the kidneys make these adjustments more slowly than the lungs do, this compensation generally takes several

The patient's acid-base disturbance is very clearly a sign of acute renal failure. The levels all correlate to a case of compensated acute metabolic alkalemia. The case is acute because the blood pH is only off by .1 from the average normal range. Furthermore, the levels of PaCO2 40 mm, PaO2 95 mm, SaO2 97%, and HCO3- 32 meq/lite are all well within the normal ranges, which further shows that the failure is acute at the point of testing. It is alkalemia because the blood is slightly more alkaline than normal. This can be seen as blood is normally at a pH of between 7.35 and 7.45. If the pH were to drop below this amount, it would be too acidic. Here, the pH increased, resulting in an alkaline state. This patient's current condition is compensated because it falls within the result range of renal compensation (WHO, 2010).

Acidosis is a condition when the body has too much acid circulating in the body causing the pH of the body to become too acidic (Wisse, 2013). This will then cause the acid/base balance to tip as the acid is building up and the base is lost. Since pH is measured on a scale of 0 to 10 and “normal” blood pH is kept between 7.35 – 7.45, minute deviations can cause disruptions throughout many different systems of the body (McAuley, 1993). A decrease below the recommended 7.35 means that there are too many hydrogen ions within a patients blood and they cannot be absorbed by the body. PCO2 is the measurement of “partial pressure of carbon dioxide dissolved in arterial blood” and helps us understand how much CO2-gas is floating in the blood

Acidosis is a condition in which there is an excessive acid condition of the body fluids or tissues, the body contains too much acid. There are many ways acidosis can occur. One way is when there is an extreme bicarbonate in the body. Bicarbonate is a chemical acting as a buffer, it keeps the blood’s pH from becoming too acid or to basic. Another way a body can become too acidic is there is a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood. This can happen if you have breathing issues or poor lungs. Both the lungs and the kidneys can atone to a minor or major pH imbalances. The body’s pH level should be at a 7.40, acidosis is any pH at a 7.45 or higher. There are two different types of acidosis: respiratory and metabolic, both can be diagnosed using

The human body’s normal pH level is between 7.35 and 7.45. If this level of pH is below 7.35 that is considered acidosis. If the level is above 7.45 it is then considered alkalosis.

The normal pH value for the body fluids is between pH 7.35 and 7.45. When the pH value of body fluids is below 7.35, the condition is called acidosis, and when the pH is above 7.45, it is called alkalosis. (Tortora, G., Derrickson, B., 2014)

A patient who complains of acid reflux should not drink coffee nor Orange juice because coffee in itself is often highly acidic and can irritate the stomach to trigger indigestion, heartburn and acid reflux. Orange Juice can also aggravate, it's best to limit or avoid completely drinks like coffee and orange juice. Since, the pH Scale is a logarithmic scale, in other words, the difference between pH 1 & pH 2 is 10; and the difference between pH 1 & pH 3 is 100. Therefore pH of 6 and pH of seven doesn’t differ that largely than of pH of 1 and pH of 14. The human body maintains blood pH within the very narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45. pH below this range is called acidosis and a pH above this range is alkalosis. Acidosis is a pH imbalance in which the body has accumulated too much acid and does not have enough bicarbonate to effectively neutralize the effects of the acid while Alkalosis is an excessively alkaline condition of the body fluids or tissues that may cause weakness or cramps.

If an acid-base disturbance shifts the pH outside of the physiologic range, various control measures are activated to resist the change in pH. Compensatory mechanisms try to preserve the normal 20:1 ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid to keep the pH at normal range. The body works to maintain normal ratios through a compensation mechanism using renal and respiratory methods (Crowley, 2010).