Phantom Taste Essay

Pica disorder is defined as the persistent ingestion of substances that are non-nutritive. The name for this harmful disorder comes from a latin word meaning “magpie,” which implies that the people with this disorder will eat anything, even when there is no nutritional value. This disorder is qualified as an eating disorder as well as a mental health disorder, making it very interesting to research in medical laboratories. Often occurring in young kids, pica disorder can lead to devastating results including death. This disorder has doubled in hospital stays from 1999-2009, which makes it a disorder to watch out for in the hospital because of the little knowledge people know about this disease (Brynie 2011).

Client able to identify different tastes such as sweet and salty, able to move tongue from side to side and up and down, able to swallow without difficulty with positive gag reflex

ear infections (American Academy of Otolaryngology). There are antibiotics for these diseases, but over the years they have been becoming more resistant.

• Using your voice too much. This is the most common cause. It can be

This condition often occurs in individuals between the ages of 25 and 44, and is a result of a number of different factors including genetics, environmental factors,

Otitis Media is a condition that involves the middle ear that presents with inflammation. Otitis Media with effusion can result with transudation from the middle ear vessels that can lead to chronic effusion if symptoms are not present (Dunphy, Winland-Brown, Porter, & Thomas, 2015). Acute otitis media often presents with purulent drainage in the middle ear, fever, otorrhea, and otalgia. Chronic OM is present when the inflammation occurs over 3 months. Approximately 75% of children by their third birthday will experience otitis media (Dunphy et al., 2015). By the school age years approximately 80-90% of children will have otitis media with effusion (Harmes, Blackwood, Burrows, Cooke, Harrison, & Passamani, 2013). Risks factors for this condition include: age, allergies, viral infections, exposure to environmental factors such as smoke or other irritants, day care, family history of

According to Smeltzer, Bare, Hinkle and Cheever (2010), “the ear is a sensory organ with dual functions – hearing and balance. The delicate structure and function of the ear make early detection and accurate diagnosis of disorders necessary for preservation of normal hearing and balance.” (p. 1802). For infants and children, during regular check-ups, the inner and outer ear are examined and hearing tests are incorporated to identify any abnormalities, for example, watery or bloody discharge. Otitis media (OM) is commonly identified in children.

This is a diffuse inflammation of the external ear canal. The inflammation may be infective or reactive. The infective can be due to viral, bacterial or fungal. The reactive inflammation can be due to allergic, chemical etc (21).

The initial part of the assessment is the physical examination of the external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane; this is done with the use of an Otoscope. An Otoscope is a device with a light attached in order to see the ear canal and tympanic membrane. This part of the examination is required before moving on to the next step or if a referral to e.g. the ENT is needed. The ear canal is inspected for any excess ceremen, inflammation, growth, bodily fluids or foreign bodies. The tympanic membrane is inspected for any perforations, inflammations or any abnormality (Stach, 1998).

It is usually an indicator of infections like asthma or allergy, gastroesophageal reflux disease, respiratory tract infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Air pollution, acute bronchitis and pertussis.

The research report “Adult Picky Eating: Phenomenology, taste sensitivity, and psychosocial correlates,” was published in the international research journal, Appetite, by the University of Pennsylvania. The authors of the report wrote in a very conventional manner or in other words, adhered to this genre’s conventions. The intended audiences of this article are psychologists and scientists and we know this due to esoteric diction and the organization throughout the paper. Keywords and phrases such as “cognitive symptoms of disordered eating,” ARFID, psychopathology and references to DSM-V tell us this article is geared to more specifically psychologists. The article is written in the scientific method format and includes data written in scientific notation and key terms like chi square analyses, p-values, and the golden ratio symbol. Unintended audiences could be people interested in the study or anyone who may

Acute Otitis Media is the term used to describe many inflammatory and infectious conditions in the middle ear that can be caused by either bacterial or viral infection that is often caused by another illness such as cold or flu. There are many signs and symptoms of this condition and may include ear pain, which may be worse when laying down, insomnia, excessive crying, irritability, loss of balance, fluid drainage from the ear, fever and loss of appetite. Children are more susceptible to this condition due to having

The sensations to taste (gustation) food has evolved in order to provide important information of the nutrients and possible dangers from ingesting potentially harmful food (Barlow et al., 2015; Feng et al., 2015). This signal recognition is conserved in many species including humans to protect the host from detection of bitter substances that are recognized as acidic, toxic, poisonous, noxious, fermented and spoiled food (Barlow et al., 2015; Feng et al., 2015). The ability to feel pleasure or reward for nutritious or high caloric containing foods when food is scarce was useful to our ancestors. The ability to detect bitter chemical compounds that cause nausea or death is postulated to have evolved in our lineage as an innate defensive mechanism

can be widespread in muscles it may be worsened if the muscles around the head ae stiff, which

It is important to define the following terms: assessment, evaluation and diagnosis prior to discussing the purpose and components of an overall assessment. Hegde (2013) describes the term assessment as “inclusive of several kinds of clinical activities that result in naming the communication disorder of a client, making statements about prognosis for improvement with or without treatment, and offering recommendations for communication treatment (and) additional assessment of other kinds of specialized services.” Hegde discusses that the terms evaluation and assessment tend to be synonymous; whereas, the term diagnosis is the actually naming of the communication disorder. According to ASHA (2004, 2016a), clinical indications for a speech sound assessment are initiated by referral (from a health or