Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (Phrma)

Pharmaceutical Price Controls in OECD Countries Implications for U.S. Consumers, Pricing, Research and Development, and Innovation U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration The International Trade Administration (ITA) has as its mission the creation of economic opportunity for U.S. workers and firms by promoting international trade, opening foreign markets, ensuring compliance with trade

ckground The company that I will be issuing a buy recommendation for is Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc (REGN). It is a biopharmaceutical company based out of Tarrytown, New York that develops, manufactures, and sells medicines for various medical conditions. Regeneron’s commericialized drugs include EYYLEA (aflibercept), ZALTRAP (ziv-aflibercept), and ARCALYST (rilonacept.) Furthermore,

Assessment of Roddy and Ganz Articles Evidence-based practice is an approach used by health care professionals to continually use current best evidence-based research to make ethical and reliable decisions regarding patient care. “Research to promote evidence-based practice is becoming more and more a part of the regular work of health care leaders” (Grand Canyon University, 2015, p. 1). However, it is important to determine the difference between solid research and flawed research that provides unreliable inferences. Evidence-based research includes focusing on a clinical question; and includes the review and incorporation of several studies to strengthen the results of the new study (Grand Canyon University, 2015). Roddy et al. and Ganz et al. articles will be assessed to determine if the recommended changes were backed by solid research that warrants changes in a hospital.

First of all, gather all the information, such as facility policies and procedures. Research should be evidence-based. Why is it being implemented? How will we be affected? Perhaps other hospital's data could help in presenting the new procedure and how they implemented

Introduction Nurses are responsible in providing holistic, quality care to their clients. In order to effectively provide such care Boswell and Cannon (2009, p. 2 & 7) states that nurses must base their provision of care on the most current, up-to-date health information available and sound nursing knowledge. This is where evidence-based practice (EBP) comes in. Polit and Beck (2010, p. 4) defined EBP as "the use of the best clinical evidence in making patient care desicions". This usually comes from research conducted by nurses and other healthcare professionals. Thus it is pertinent that research reports are critically analyzed.

Think about your identified clinical problem and your tentative ideas for your evidence-based practice project, what are some of the potential policy implications at an institutional, regional, state, national, and international level.

PhRMA supports the development of high quality information about patients’ medical treatment options. Empowering patients and physicians with high quality information will help ensure that our health system efficiently delivers the best possible results for all patient. PhRMA supports the development of high quality information about patients’ medical treatment options.

The findings from good, current, reliable, valid or trustworthy research are the basis for maintaining high standards of care and all nurses must practice based on the most up to date evidence (NMC 2008). It is now an important part of nursing to actively participate in research and evidence based practice in order to continually improve the standard of the health care system. This process ensures that nurses are kept up to date with relevant information needed to provide the most effective care for patients.

Best Evidence Based Practice of Prevention and Management of Pressure Ulcers “Evidence based practice is a process involving the examination and application of research findings or other reliable evidence that has been integrated with scientific theories” and taking into consideration the patient’s preferences and values (Schmidt & Brown, 2015, p.4). It is constructed from the three components of patient preferences, clinical judgment or expertise, and the best available evidence (Schmidt & Brown, 2015). Evidence based practice is an important tool to provide the highest quality of patient care, improve patient outcomes, and reduce patient care costs (Schmidt & Brown, 2015).

To enable them to do this they need to understand recent research, always weighing up the evidence to their own knowledge base, and expertise. Scientific research enables an approach, to evolving knowledge and practice, and in this way, one can test out their beliefs to either prove or, alternatively, to attempt to disprove them. Another name for critical practice is ‘evidence based practice’. Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an interdisciplinary approach to clinical practice. Its basic principles are, that all practical decisions made, should be based on research studies, and that these research studies, are selected and interpreted, according to some specific norms characteristics for EBP (Birger, 2011). Using EBP gives practitioners the reassurance that they are giving the patient the correct treatment, and not just giving them what they believe is correct, whilst using their own current knowledge only. Practitioners make decisions every day, and for some, these decisions can be life threatening. This enables the practitioner to know, that what they are doing is the right thing to do. Marsh et al. (2005) argues that all practitioners’ actions and their final decision on medication and/or treatment should come from research and proven theory. They tell us, that the better a practitioner is informed; the better it is for those, who find themselves in a highly disadvantaged state i.e., someone who has been diagnosed with a life threatening

Evidence based practice is important in nursing research. By implementing a plan to follow research that has been validated, nurses can create a better chance of having the best outcome possible for their patients. In order to implement a plan, it is important to analyze the research being used, as well as determining how this research can be used in the specific clinical field a nurse is practicing in? It is also very important to determine which patients the evidence based practice plan will help based off of the research. A nurse must “balance the benefits and risk of the evidenced based practice decision” (Godshall, M., 2009).

The need for quality evidence based research is essential for all health care professions. As agreed by Stevens (2013), the call for evidence based quality improvements and health care transformation underscores the need for redesigning care that is safe effective and efficient.

1. DEFINITION AND DIAGNOSIS The Orthotics field is often associated with upper limb orthoses, such as an airplane splint, lower limb orthoses, such as AFOs (ankle-foot orthosis) and FOs (foot orthosis), or spinal orthoses. However, there are also orthotic devices for other areas of the body, like the head—cranial helmets. Also referred to as cranial bands, “helmet molding therapy, or cranial orthosis, is a type of treatment where an infant is fitted with a special helmet to correct the shape of the skull” (Kieffer). Cranial helmets resemble bicycle helmets in appearance as displayed by Figure 1. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulate a large portion of cranial helmets, similar to other medical devices. Under the FDA, cranial orthoses are categorized as a Class II medical device. A “class II devices represent a medium risk category for which FDA establishes that additional special controls are needed to ensure safety and efficacy. Examples of class II devices would include sutures and bone drills” (Littlefield). Cranial Helmets are designed and/or fitted by an Orthotist (an allied health practitioner). In the majority of cases, cranial helmets are constructed out of various plastic polymers with a multitude of decorative patterns and colors.

In 2005, Phillip (Phil) Landgraf faced several glaring problems in the financial performance of his company, BioPharma, Inc. The firm had experienced a steep decline in profits and very high costs at its plants in Germany and Japan. Landgraf, the company 's president for worldwide operations, knew that demand for the company 's products was stable across the globe. As a result, the surplus capacity in his global production network looked like a luxury he could no longer afford.

Global Pharmaceutical Industry Analysis September 21 2009 Dibakar Mitra (P08017) I Manoj Joshi (B08026)   Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 INTRODUCTION 4 ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION 5 ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS (PEST) 7 STRUCTURAL INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (PORTER) 8 STRATEGIC ISSUES FACING THE INDUSTRY 11 STRATEGIC GROUPS IN THE INDUSTRY ACCORDING TO MARKET/DRUG/FUNCTIONING 15 PROCESS FLOW: IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS 16 STRATEGIC RESPONSES TO CHALLENGES: