Philippine Revolts

During the late 1800's and early 1900's, America was working toward becoming an imperialistic nation. With such a change, government policies must evolve in order to adapt to its country's needs. However, there is a point in which new government policies can be detrimental to those involved. While America's government's changing role was certainly necessary in expanding the country, there were numerous instances in which the government became too imperialistically rapacious.

“No man is good enough to govern another man without that other’s consent. When the white man governs himself, that is self-government, but when he governs himself and also governs another man, that is more than self-government - that is despotism [rule by a tyrant].” In annexing the Philippines, we were being conquistadors, comparable to Spain, who we were fighting at the time. The Filipinos knew exactly what they were risking by trying to receive independence, they knew they may have been too weak to govern themselves. It is completely against the foundation of the US to seize freedom from another man. I believe the United States should have never annexed the Philippines without the Filipinos’ total consent.

Letter from Fray Pedro De Feria to Phillip II, King of Spain About Paquiquineo (1563): Is a written letter with a proposal from Fray Pedro De Feria to Phillip II. It contains the story of Paquiquineo, a native American boy which was kidnapped by Spanish explorers who later landed on the hands of religious Fray Pedro De Feria. That leaded to the idea of Fray Pedro proposing the proyect of Indian conversion to the King of Spain, it explains deeply the great opportunity of the idea he had and how the story of Paquiquineo had to do with it.

The ending of the Spanish-American War left the United States with a controversial question. Many debates rose throughout the U.S. about whether the Philippine Islands should be annexed or not. The Philippines fought along side with the United States against Spanish to gain their independence. The annexation of the Philippine Islands would be unjustified and an act of tyranny. The decision done by the U.S. to annex the Philippines would rise uncertainty between the two countries.

As the same happened the of the pueblo revolt of 1680. The entire thing that the historian's point out the there are a great deal of circumstances that would make the pueblos revolt. Henry Warner Bowden argues that religion what the primary cause for he pueblos to unite and over throw the Spaniard regime of the southwest. Historian Ramon A. Gutierrez points out that it was the skillful Franciscans who where at first ale to manipulate the Pueblos in to taking the new religion, but after time the pueblos lost interest and where no longer amused by the new religion that was forced upon them. According to Van Hasting Garner the reason that the pueblos took up arm is due the immediate events that happened in that era for example; drought, famine and the apache raids of the 1670's. New Mexican priest Angelico Chaves points out that the reason for the pueblo revolt of 1680 that the actions of Doming Naranjo, a mixed Indian created a stir united the pueblos and created the Revolt. The last argument in the book made by Andrew L. Knaut is the reason for the pueblos revolt of 1680 is that It was just the right time since the pueblos had been resentful towards the Spaniard and with in time the Spaniards lost their ability to keep the pueblos intimidated.

While many native hybridized Christianity into their own beliefs, others resisted Christianity in order to maintain traditional beliefs. In the Huejotzingo letter, the town council mentioned that, “(The People of) many towns were forced and tortured, were hanged or burned because they did not want to leave idolatry, and unwilling they received the gospel and faith.” (236). Under colonial mindset and the concept of “just war” via the Requerimiento, the Spanish forcibly converted natives into Christianity. The Tlaxcalans, for example, hybridized European practices, such as baptism, into their religious beliefs because of their defeat against the Spanish. In the paintings shown through the Lienzo de Tlaxcala (125), governors of Tlaxcala are being baptized in order to emphasize their conversions and loyalty. Throughout the painting, tropes of military technology, through the drawings of iron lances, and Christianity, through the cross with Jesus crucified and the picture of

Getting their land taken away from them and getting killed, all while the natives were exceptionally nice and welcoming of the Spaniards. So, in the end what played a bigger role? Christianity or colonialism?

then met with cannon and rifle fire. This act turned the people of Gonzales into rebels and started

“A call to arms by Francisco Madero, a leader of the prodemocracy forces, united the disparate groups opposed to Diaz which succeeded in overthrowing the Porfirian government and forcing Diaz into exile” (Vanden & Prevost 319).

After explaining the main reason for the revolt, Garner goes on to focus on two of the main arguments opposing his own. Unlike other historians, Garner ascertains that religion and the harsh oppression of the Spanish were not sole causes of the revolt. To build his case, throughout his paper, he compares

In processes of Independence in South American and Brazil happened very differently. In the Spanish American process of revolution there were lots of movements for rebellion (Chasteen:93). Many of the movements were set in motion when the king of Spain, Carlos IV, and Prince Fernando, were captured by Neapolitan (Chasteen:92). The colonies questioned the leadership of the Spanish crown. In Mexico, two priests sparked different rebellions. Father Miguel Hidalgo gained support from indigenous and mestizo people with the phrase “Americans versus Europeans” (Chasteen:96). This turned into rebellion against the Peninsulars and, unintentionally, creole since it was difficult for the fighters to tell them apart (Chasteen:96). Father José María Morelos

Throughout the years many historians have compilated and examined why Indian people were so desperate to gain back their independence from the British Empire during their rule over India, from 1612 to 1947. The reasoning can most definitely be found as the British discriminated against Indian people as they believe that they were inferior; it is no surprise that Indian people fought so hard for their independence. Throughout the British Raj, they placed and put forward unbelievably racist acts and laws which discriminated against Indian people. Which of course led to Indians to rebel against the British rule and which the British reacted with causing massacres. Explaining the nationalistic many India’s felt during the British Raj.

Many nations across time and the world have experienced a revolution. From the American revolution to the French revolution, history has proven conflict can engage a nation at any moment. Tanter explains that two possible scenarios, changes in the economic development and the level of education are likely to cause revolutions (Tanter 264). A revolution can be composed of a group of individuals who are willing to make the ultimate sacrifice in exchange for change in the existing

From 1899 to 1903 the Filipino’s turned against the United States. McKinley decided to hold his possession of the island resulting in a long bloody war. Originally the colonial administration sought out to make the Philippines their version of what thought was right.Press released terrible doings of American troops such as burning villages, torturing prisoners of war, raping and executing civilians. Mark Twain stated “We have gone to conquer” instead of doing what the McKinley administration justified as to “uplift and civilize and Christianize”(672). After the colonial administration took control they started to modernize the islands. Railroads and harbors were expanded, American schoolteachers and public health officials arrived and they

In the years following the Congress of Vienna, revolts plagued many European countries as well as several areas in Latin America. France was driven from Haiti, Portugal lost control of Brazil, and Spain was forced to withdraw from all its American empire except for Cuba and Puerto Rico. Colonial government in South America came to an end. Three countries where revolts were successfully established were Haiti, Venezuela, and Brazil. The countries in Latin America benefited from the revolts because they became free from colonial rule, but, except for Brazil, they were left with many consequences.