The Extraordinary Case of Phineas Gage In our lifetime we will hear unimaginable stories of people who survive the craziest circumstances. One that comes to mind is the story about 50 Cent being shot nine times, surviving, and then thriving in his music career afterward. Although 50 Cent’s dramatic situation is a bit different than the one I will be informing you about, it’s still an interesting survivor’s story. On the other hand, Phineas Gage’s injury surviving story is one that has gone down in the history books for a couple of different reasons. Phineas Gage’s incident differs from most survivor stories because Gage had a 3 foot, 8 inch long, 1.25 inch diameter iron rod, weighing almost 14 pounds, missile through a portion of his head …show more content…
Unbelievable, I know. An additional incredible truth about Phineas Gage’s story is the fact that the incident, treatment, and survival occurred in the mid 1800’s, a time period when the medical field was nowhere near as advanced as it is today. Gage was 25 years old and worked as a foreman in Vermont for railroad construction when the accident took place. The accident happened on the job when Gage was packing sand on top of dynamite with a tamping iron, inside a boulder (Costandi, 2006). If the process were to go smoothly, the dynamite is used to break up boulders in the way of the railroad construction. In Gage’s case, the process went absolutely wrong. …show more content…
As you may have expected, and can read above, there was lots of damage done to Gage’s head, but for this specific case, I want to focus on the brain only. The part of the brain that was injured was the left side of the frontal lobe (Costandi, 2006). Wayne Weiten, author of Psychology: Themes and Variations, describes the frontal cortex as, “the largest lobe in the human brain,” Weiten goes on to explain that mirror neurons are located in this region of the brain, “Mirror neurons appear to provide a new model for understanding complex social cognition at a neural level” (Weiten, 2004, p. 103). Weiten’s explanation corresponds with Gage’s situation because despite the fact that Gage went back to living a normal life, people that knew him well claimed that he had a complete personality change after his incident and recovery. Gage went from being labeled by fellow employees as, “… the most efficient and capable foreman in their employ previous to his injury” to being labeled, “… fitful, irreverent, indulging
Johnny Cade did not kill unlawfully and also he can’t apply for a minor committing the crime because he’s 16, one year over the limit. According to Oklahoma law, first-degree murder is a person “unlawfully and with malice aforethought causes the death of another human being.” It is also not manslaughter because it is not a homicide committed without a design to effect death and in the heat of passion, but in a cruel and unusual manner, or by means of a dangerous weapon. Johnny did not have time to think and had to stab Bob to save Ponyboy’s life. Ponyboy was being drowned and to save him, Johnny had to commit the act of homicide. It lists that it was a justifiable homicide because it means that homicide is legal when committed in the lawful
One of the most important Americans in history was not born in America, and almost no one has heard of him. His name is Hercules Mulligan, and he was born in the year 1740 in County Antrim, Ireland. Mulligan moved to the colony of New York in 1746, when he was only 6 years old. Hercules went to college at Kings College, the precursor to Columbia University. Upon graduation he went to went as a clerk at his father’s accounting business. After years of working for his father, Hercules went to start his own business as a tailor. He accumulated many customers who were wealthy British businessman and high ranking British officers. In 1765, Hercules decided to join in the fight against the British, so he joined the Sons of Liberty. Then in 1772,
Survivors of traumatic brain injury are lucky. Two examples of lucky traumatic brain injury survivors are Phineas Gage and Gary Busey. These two are lucky along with the other millions of traumatic brain injury survivors. Phineas Gage and Gary Busey were both lucky because they were given a second chance at life. In addition both narrowly evaded death.
The day of Phineas accident, he was performing his work duties on the construction of a railroad track. His duty was to set explosive charges in holes drilled into large pieces of rock so that they could be broken up and removed. He had to fill the holes with gunpowder, with a fuse, and then pack in sand with a large tamping iron. Because gage was distracted on September 13, 1948, he forgot to fill in one of the holes with sand. In result, when he went to pack down the
“Gage did, according to Harlow, retain “full possession of his reason” after the accident, but his wife and other people close to him soon began to notice dramatic changes in his personality” (Constandi, 2006). Brain injury can often cause this type of personality change. It has been documented in many different cases. “ However, post-injury personality changes also meant that we dealt with bouts of intense anger, confusion, and unpredictable behavior” (Cromer, 2012). These types of personality can differ, however they are usually negative. This was seen in the case of Phineas Gage. Sadly his personality and temperament wasn’t the only thing that changed. Before the accident he was considered as one of the best workers on the job site (Constandi, 2006). However, after the injury, he could hardly work. (Constandi, 2006). “His contractors, who regarded him as the most efficient and capable foreman in their employ previous to his injury, considered the change in his mind so marked that they could not give him his place again. He is fitful, irreverent, indulging at times in the grossest profanity (which was not previously his custom), manifesting but little deference for his fellows, impatient of restraint of advice when it conflicts with his desires, at times pertinaciously obstinent, yet capricious and vacillating, devising many plans of future operation, which are no sooner arranged than they are abandoned in turn for others appearing more feasible. In this regard, his mind was radically changed, so decidedly that his friends and acquaintances said he was ‘no longer Gage.’” (Constandi, 2006). He sadly resorted to using his injury as an attraction to make money. He began traveling to do appearances so that people could see the injury and pay him for the “entertainment” (Constandi, 2006). He even decided to join up with the circus for a short period of time
Billy Sunday was a professional baseball player from 1883 to 1891 for Chicago, Pittsburgh, and Philadelphia teams. He was born to William Sunday and Mary Jane Corey on November 19th 1862 and died on November 6th 1935. Growing up his family lived in poverty, but that never let this challenge affect his life. After his father died in 1862 Billy and his family move to go live his grandparents for a few years. Billy and his older brother were sent to live in Soldiers’ Orphans’ Home in Davenport, where they received a decent education and began to improve his athletic skills. When Billy was 14, he wanted to earn money, so he began to work for Colonel John Scott. Before long, he was offered to stay with the Scotts, who made sure that Billy went to
During the Civil War the only major problem second to getting shot in the face, was a shot to the chest. At the time doctors did not really understand how to treat a wound of that type, and usually the major issue was the negative pressure exerted outwards, leading to the collapse of the lungs and soon after, suffocation. Contributing to this problem, the doctors observed that during their war, the french had an 8 percent survival rate from major damage to the chest, leading to many medical practitioners to simply refuse treating chest wounds. Early into the war, however, soldiers would be blessed with the miracle of knowledge, knowledge of how to close chest wounds. Benjamin Howard, a young assistant surgeon, otherwise known as a cub surgeon,
In April 1861, war broke out across the United States, and it would become known as the Civil War. During the Civil War many individuals stepped up to the plate, one of these individuals was Hiram Ulysses Grant. Hiram Ulysses Grant was born on April 27, 1822 in Pleasant Point, Ohio. His parents, Jesse Root Grant and Hannah Grant, quickly moved his family to Georgetown, Ohio ("Ulysses S. Grant," n.d.). Jesse Root Grant, his father, worked as a tanner and businessman. During his childhood, Grant was very timid, but he managed to keep average grades in school ("Ulysses S. Grant," n.d.). After his primary years of school, Ulysses’ father sent him off to military school at West Point. Upon his arrival at West Point Grant’s name was put down as
John Wayne Gacy was born Chicago, Illinois on March 17, 1942. He is the middle child of the three, his older sister Joanne and his younger sister Karen. As a child he was known as a quiet boy who worked as a newspaper boy, bagged groceries, and did boy scout activities. He seem to be a normal boy, well-liked by his teachers, co-workers, and friends. However, his relationship with his father was very violent. His father would frequently beat him, Gacy’s friends, who would witness the beating, say that his father would hit Gacy for no reason. His father was an alcoholic with a violent temper, and was homophobic. At the age of eleven, he suffered a blow to the head from the swings. This caused to have frequent blackouts for five years. Gacy’s blackouts stopped once the doctors found a clot in his brain.
Hiram Ulysses Grant was born in Point Pleasant, Ohio on April 27,1822 to Jesse Root Grant and Hannah Simpson Grant (Williams). His first name was decided upon by his maternal grandmother while his middle name was an alternate form of his father’s favorite literary character, whose name was Odysseus (Schlesinger Jr.). His parents had three daughters and two sons after Ulysses. During his childhood, he was shy but had a large passion for horses (Grant, 8). He worked on his family’s farm and attended local schools where he was not a very good student. In 1839, his father decided to send him to West Point, an idea that Grant was not to fond of (Lincoln, 422).
John Wayne Gacy was born on March 17th,1943 in Chicago Il. He was the second out of three children to be born to Marion Elaine Robinson and John Stanley Gacy. In his early childhood, Gacy’s father was a very abusive alcoholic not only to him and his siblings, but to his wife as well. Gacy had a lot of love and respect for his father even at a young age. His father often called him degrading names such as ‘’Sissy and Queer’’. He and his sister’s would be beaten frequently if they did anything “wrong” in their father’s eye’s. He was close to his sisters and mother but not as close as a ‘’normal’’ family would be. Gacy stated in an interview he never felt like he fit in when he was younger. When Gacy was twelve years old, he was struck by a swingset
Ulysses S grant was the 18 president of the United States in the year 1869-1877. Was the commander of the civil war and worked closely with President Lincoln. He wanted to reconstruct the US although he was at many times knocking heads with Andrew Johnson because they both had different minds but Grant led the Republicans to better times and helped free black people and give them their rights like whites have. Many people were not happy with what Grant was doing and so in the second part of his term he led the US into depression. In 1843 Grant was training in a US military academy of west point and he had served in the Mexican American war he had retired for a while but was have a tough times living a civilian life and when the civil war started
On March 17, 1942, in Chicago, Illinois, John Wayne Gacy, a murderer to be, was born. He came from Danish and Polish parents, Marion Robinson and John Stanley Gacy, and had two sisters, Karen and Joanne Gacy. John, as an overweight child, tended to isolate himself from his peers; he did not participate in any athletic activities and had very few friends. John’s father would oftentimes come home in the early mornings intoxicated, waking up his family as he stumbled through the door. Most nights, he would hit his children with a razor strap or anything else he could get his hands on, and he would then proceed to physically beat his wife as well. After years of beatings, the children learned to toughen up against him, and Gacy would even continue
On May 4, off an interstate highway in Williston, Vermont, a truck driver named Paul Bristol(68 years old) suffered a sudden heart attack which caused him to go into the left lane and swerving along the guardrail for about 300 feet. A homeless man named James Pocock who had been living in the wood off the interstate for a couple of months seen a cloud of concrete dust as the truck hit the guardrail. He quickly sprang into action in order to save the life of Paul Bristol. James Pocock ran to the scene and found Bristol unconscious, with no pulse. Pocock then proceeded to give CPR. Pocock revived Bristol after countless CPR, which helped Bristol survive.
John Proctor may seem like an innocent man that you should feel sorry for when he is accused. He has two children, a beautiful wife and a bunch of land. But, he has a secret. A secret with Abigal WIlliams. I feel that John Proctor was the reason the Salem Witch Trials started, because he had an affair with Abigal and kicked her to the side afterwards causing her to seek revenge.