Phonological Development Research Paper

Knowledge of onset and rime allows students to read unknown words based on existing word knowledge and the ability to build word families (Pinnell & Fountas, 1998, p. 236) based on rime sounds. The introduction of phonemes during phonological awareness occurs in the last level, where explicit instruction is used to teach students how to detect, segment, count, blend and manipulate separate phonemes (Yopp & Yopp, 2009, p. 3). Strategies to support phonological awareness includes counting and clapping out both sentences and syllables, rhyme riddles, guess which object (Yopp & Yopp, 2009, p. 8), segmenting words requiring students to blend back together and instruction of rhyme identification (Fellows & Oakley, 2010, p. 190). Rhyme identification can be explored through song and nursery rhymes, grouping words according to onset and rime (McDevitt & Ormrod, 2004, p. 331), rhyming games such as roll a rhyme (Fellows & Oakley, 2010, p. 190) and cumulative reading texts. Children not exposed to different forms of rhyming within the home environment will need explicit instruction in how to determine what a rhyming word and what it is. As the concept of rhyme is normally introduced before developing reading ability, students struggling with identifying sounds may benefit from picture cards to introduce the concept, allowing them to group and identify rime

As you stated, phonemic awareness is very important to a child's later achievement in reading and also spelling. Rhyming and poetry are great ways in promoting phonemic awareness. In my post, I also mentioned a similar activity, and I think rhyming is very effective when working with children which is why many class incorporate these types of activities in their classroom. Great

A Sound Beginning is an assessment of phonological awareness at four different levels: Word Level, Syllable Level, Onset-Rime Level, and Phoneme Level. Phonological awareness is the manipulation of sounds in spoken language and is an important building block for reading. The assessment is administered orally that would include the student tapping, deleting, segmenting, and blending different sounds. Felipe’s score for each level is as follows:

There are plenty of fun activities to do with children when trying to enhance their phonological awareness. Activities that involve using rhyming words, jingles, poems, and syllabus in particular can be very helpful when helping children enhance their phonological awareness.

Kara-lynn is a 3 year; 6 month old female presenting with a severe phonological disorder. Her results from testing indicate that her speech intelligibility is significantly reduced due to multiple phoneme collapses into /d/ of the following phonemes and consonant clusters: /p/, /g/, /k/, /s/, /z/, /θ/, /ð/, /tr/,and /gr/. In addition, the use of multiple phonological processes, including: final consonant deletion, initial consonant deletion, cluster reduction, vocalization, and deaffrication also significantly contribute to her reduced intelligibility. Her speech intelligibility in known context was calculated to be 64%, which is low for a child who is 3 years; 6 months(consider adding reference). Reduced intelligibility can impact a child’s ability to communicate wants and needs, making Kara-Lynn’s speech intelligibility an area of need.

The purpose of this evidence based research paper is to evaluate the efficacy of the cycles approach when compared to the traditional articulation therapy approach in the treatment of children who are highly unintelligible. The Cycles Phonological Remediation Approach (Hodson, 2011) is a treatment method for children with severe speech sound disorders. This approach targets phonological pattern errors in a sequential manner. During each cycle, one or more phonological patterns are targeted and after each cycle is complete, another cycle begins. Recycling of phonological patterns continues until the targeted patterns are generalized into the child’s conversational speech. The cycles approach is meant to mirror typical phonological development in children (Hodson, 2011).

The literacy rates among fourth grade students in America are sobering. Sixty six percent of all U.S. fourth graders scored "below proficient" on the 2013 NAEP reading test, meaning that they are not reading at grade level. Even more alarming is the fact that among students from low-income backgrounds, 80 percent score below grade level in reading (Students First, 2014).

The observation began with a review of what phonological awareness means. According to Chard, D.J. & Dickson, S.V. (2018), it is being aware of the fact that oral language is made up of many smaller units, such as words and syllables. In order to be successful at reading and writing language, an individual must develop skills in phonological awareness. Teaching students to rhyme is very important also because it is one of the ways students show that they have an awareness of phonological awareness. An example of rhyming is when a word is broken down by a single letter or combination of letter sounds such as the word chop would be broken into the onset: ch and rime: op. Students must

Identify and produce words that rhyme. Objective (s): 1. Students will match pictures that rhyme with the verbal word that is stated. 2.

During week 4 (November 9th) A.Q and I played a matching rhyming words games. Another child name L.B. joined us. A.Q. and L.B took turns matching the rhyming words and reading them a loud. Then, I had both students write sentences using rhyming words. One sentence A.Q. wrote was, “The box is in the box.” While, L.B wrote “A mouse live in the house.” Then, the students took turn reading their sentences a loud and they told me which word rhymed with which. I enjoyed the student being independent and sharing their thinking. (see binder).

When phonological awareness is worked on skills of attention, perception and visual amplitude are developed that allow to acquire greater fluency for reading.

There are many components to building a student’s reading skill set. One skill that is introduced in preschool and developed through the primary grades is phonemic awareness. The term phonemic awareness is defined as the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes – individual sounds. The child becomes aware of how sounds are connected to words prior to reading. This awareness creates the understanding of how phonemes explains how the smallest part of sound creates a difference in sound to the meaning of a word. Therefore, the ability to dismantle words, and reassemble them, and then to alter the word into something different explains the concept behind phonemic awareness. It is the primary foundation in which other reading skill sets are according based.

The name of my activity that I will do with my students will be "I know a rhyming word”, I will begin this activity skills game by saying to the students, "I need a word that rhymes with cat. " Students will raise their hands, and I will choose a student to tell me a word that rhymes with cat. Once they tell me the word, I will go on to the next student. As the activity continues, I will change the word every so often. I will do the activity until everyone has had a turn.

“Phonological disorders in children can result from physical or organic causes or may be functional in nature ("Phonological disorders in," 2013)”. Children with a phonological disorder may experience a higher risk for reading and writing disabilities. “If left unresolved, phonological disorders have long-term consequences that may interfere with an individual's future social, academic, and vocational well-being, largely resulting from persistent, reduced intelligibility of speech ("Phonological disorders in," 2013).”

How is a person’s sense of self, or a society’s sense of that person—specifically, their class position—bound to speech, dialect, sociolect, and the phonological components of language?