Phonological Disorders

Summary of Interpretation: Given the information provided in Interpretation A, the clinician diagnosed Kara-Lynn with a severe phonological disorder. This diagnosis was made based on evidence provided by testing results, clinician observations, and speech analyses. Kara-Lynn demonstrated phoneme collapses into /d/ in place of stops (/p/, /t/, /k/, /g/), fricatives (/s/, /z/, /θ/, /ð/), and some consonant clusters (/tr/, /gr/) across all word positions. For example, Kara-Lynn produced /diə/ for “seal,” /dædɚ/ for “treasure,” and /dədudɚ/ for “computer.” Kara-Lynn also presented with active phonological processes of final consonant deletion (/fɪ/ for “fish”), cluster reduction (/tul/ for “school”), vocalization (/ɛləkə/ for “helicopter”), and deaffrication (/ʃi/ for “cheese”). She also presented with inconsistent patterns of initial-consonant deletion (/ɑʊps/ for “house”, /ɪʒ/ for “bridge”). In most instances, Kara-Lynn presented with both final consonant deletion and another phonological process, which markedly impacted her speech intelligibility, as when she produced /lɑʊ/ for “clown,” demonstrating both final consonant deletion and cluster reduction. She also expressed a high percentage of CV (27%) and CVC (29%) syllable and word shapes, with little other variation. Analysis of Kara-Lynn’s speech sample revealed similar errors exhibited during formal assessment, including phoneme collapse into /d/, high occurrences of initial and final consonant deletion and cluster

Articulation disorders can present its way in a large array of severity. For a basic inability to pronounce word clearly to being unable to communicate intelligible to others. This disorder may be hard diagnoses and treat. When articulations issues happen it should not be taken lightly or ignored.

“A disorder in bilinguals is not caused by bilingualism or cured by monolingualism” (Kohnert, 2013). A common misconception about bilingual children is that the acquisition of subsequent languages causes or exacerbates a speech sound disorder. I intended to prove that this is not the case. In order to do this I will firstly clarify the principles and practices of differential diagnosis of Speech Sound Disorders and the possible models used. I then intend to compare and contrast monolingualism and bilingualism with reference to Speech Sound disorders. Throughout, I will relate the information back to Jane and the data provided before finally discussing possible assessments for Jane.

A phonological process is a typical pattern that all young children use when developing their speech. The child’s brain creates rules to simplify speech sounds and make words easier to say. As children grow older, they outgrow these patterns on their own and eventually, their speech becomes intelligible. A phonological process disorder is when a child continues to exhibit these patterns past the age expected for them to disappear. Phonological processes consist of syllable structure processes, substitution process, and assimilation processes.

Purpose: A minimal-contrast method to teaching phonological oppositions is a conceptual, rather than motoric, strategy to suppress phonological processes. This method was assessed for effectiveness in reducing the frequency of process use and generalization of treatment effect.

would help to facilitate word recognition. The evidence also suggests that in most cases deficits in phonological skills associated with the ability to use speech codes are likely causes of dyslexia. Definitions of phonological processing are complex, Arrow (2016) defines

Articulation is a “process of producing speech sounds”. Phonological disorders is ”conceptualization of language of rules”. Children within the age group able to pronounce all sounds in the word. Like classes of sounds

ssues individuals can face in the oral production of sounds. For instance, some individuals have difficulty in producing speech sounds correctly as a result of: learning, physiological functions, or differences in anatomical structures. Such individuals with articulation and phonological disorders can range from minimal problems to more profound and severe ones. On one extreme, the problem could be minimal, such as interfering with the way one or two sounds (/s/ or /r/) are produced; on the other side of the spectrum, severe articulation or phonological disorders could render speech unintelligible. Through my different courses I learned that communications disorders could also be caused by language and hearing disorders, and not just in speech.

The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association did a study called Childhood Apraxia of Speech, that studies a variety of aspects that come with speech apraxia. According to the research, symptoms can begin young, as early as an infant. It describes multiple-- such as lack of cooing or babbling noises as being an indicator. If a child takes a long time to produce sounds or is missing prominent sounds within the word, then they will have a harder times picking up noises later on delaying their speech. As a child grows up and begins producing more words, they may simplify words by replacing certain sounds with ones they’re familiar with. A strange one most parents are unaware of is if a baby struggles to eat it can be a sign of a jaw issue that can lead to a speech deficit or inability to speak. As a child begins to develop, subtle signs like these may be missed and more prominent signs may start showing such as inconsistent sound errors, having an adept understanding of words even though they lack the ability to speak, issues producing sounds physically, gravitating towards shorter words for simplicity, and struggling through words when nervous (ASHA 1). Early detection of signs such as the ones listed can lead to early intervention which will result in better treatment options. A child who enters school age with these prominent signs unattended to can be mocked for their differences and struggle to adapt. It can also lead to issues later on as they attempt to continue their education. The lack of an adequate ability to speak can lead to various issues concerning verbal conduct and education in the long run. Although this is a form of special education, it can sometimes be worked through or managed, that way a child doesn’t have to suffer through something

The Purpose of this study was so that speech and language therapist (SLTs) could gather more information about Electropalatongraphy (EPG). To be able to gain more information about Electropalatongraphy (EPG). This was tested on children who were given Electropalatongraphy therapy in school-aged, who either had functional articulation disorder or cleft palate. The SLT giving this test, tested certain target sounds. The target sounds being tested were /s/, /t/, and /d/. This study is important because articulation errors is one of the most neglected studies in speech pathology.

My research paper is about how your body can make different noises. A person can make weird noises all day long, but when you add meaning to the sounds they create phonemes. The study of phonemes is called phonology. Sounds start from the air that we inhale every day. Although we have all those things that cause it we ,ourselves have to form the sounds that we make with our mouths.

Prior to being introduced to Roger, I was familiar with distinguishing a language disorder, language difference, language delay, an articulation disorder, and a phonological disorder. A language disorder is present in all of the spoken and written languages the individual exhibits. The common misconception is that a language disorder may appear in one language and remain dormant in another language. A language delay is where the child presents the milestones of language at a later time from his/her peers. On the other hand, a language difference is where two or more individuals are not familiar with the form, content, and use of each other’s languages. Furthermore, speech disorders fall into two divisions known as phonological and articulation disorders. Phonological disorders are present when an individual is unable to produce the correct pronunciation of a phoneme despite placing their articulators in the correct placement. However, an articulation disorder is where the individual is unable to produce certain phonemes due to incorrect placement of their articulators, such as not being able to place their tongue on their alveolar ridge.

“Phonological disorders in children can result from physical or organic causes or may be functional in nature ("Phonological disorders in," 2013)”. Children with a phonological disorder may experience a higher risk for reading and writing disabilities. “If left unresolved, phonological disorders have long-term consequences that may interfere with an individual's future social, academic, and vocational well-being, largely resulting from persistent, reduced intelligibility of speech ("Phonological disorders in," 2013).”

Phonetics is the subheading of linguistics that deals with the study of the sounds of human speech, or the signs in the case of sign signals used for interactions.It deals with physical features of speech science or sounds usually called phones,their way of production,acoustic features,auditory perceptions and features called neurophysiological features.Phonology,on the other hand can be defined as an approach related to abstracts grammatical

Tripthongs also exist. These are diphthongs followed by a schwa /əә/. Some examples of tripthongs are shower, lower, lawyer. The schwa is the most common phoneme in English. Essentially it is the default unstressed or weak vowel sound. In British English, the schwa can be found at the end of all words ending “er” (e.g., father, mother); note that we do not pronounce