Performed in the practical was an experiment which was used to determine the number of dopamine D1 receptors in the striatum of a rat, along with the binding affinity of these receptors. In the total receptor binding experiment, the 3H-SCH 23390 was added to homogenised rat striatum tissue and Tris ion buffer in descending concentrations of 3H-SCH 23390. No flupentixol was added to these experiments. The lack of flupentixol allowed the binding of both specific binding to the D1 receptor and the non-specific binding to other binding sites to occur. The results in this experiment were as predicted. The descending concentrations of 3H-SCH 23390 meant that less radioactive labelling would be picked up as well as less binding specifically and non-specifically …show more content…
This is noted in my results as the highest concentration of 3H-SCH 23390 in the tube has the highest binding (fmol/mg) value at 72.939465fmol/mg, and the proceeding tubes have a descending binding value as the concentration of 3H-SCH 23390 is decreased. The lowest binding value, with the smallest 3H-SCH 23390 concentration is the average of tube 11 and 12, which is 10.249145fmol/mg. Proceeding that experiment, an experiment similar to the previous experiment, in that descending concentrations of 3H-SCH 23390 were utilised in the same way as the previous experiment - duplicates having the same amount of 3H-SCH 23390, but subsequent pairs of tubes having a stepwise lower concentration of 3H-SCH 23390 than the duplicate pairs of tubes prior to them – was carried out. This experiment aimed to calculate the amount of non-specific binding of 3H-SCH 23390. This was done by adding a high concentration flupentixol to the tubes. In order to accommodate the additional liquid, less Tris ion buffer was used. Flupentixol, as mentioned in the introduction, is a D1 receptor antagonist and binds to the D1 receptor, blocking it, and preventing the binding of any additional substrate. This was done by having a higher concentration of flupentixol than …show more content…
The standards were further diluted to 100µl aliquots from their previous 50µl. The standard concentration is as predicted as the lowest concentration of 3H-SCH 23390 gives rise to the lowest nM value, at 0.06774016nM, and the highest concentration of 3H-SCH 23390 gives rise to the highest nM value, at 1.53742914nM. The specific binding was calculated from the total binding minus the non-specific binding and it gave results as predicted. The highest concentration of 3H-SCH 23390 of non-specific binding was subtracted from the highest concentration of 3H-SCH 23390 of total binding, and continued down to the lowest values of 3H-SCH 23390 for total and non-specific binding. The highest specific binding, seen with the highest 3H-SCH 23390 concentration, was 65.091245fmol/mg, and the lowest specific binding, seen with the lowest 3H-SCH 23390 concentration, was
Table 1 contained the number of bands and the size of each band for each sample. The first lane, the molecular ladder contained five bands with molecular weights of 97kDa, 65kDa, 45kDa, 30kDa, and 14.4kDa, respectively from the top to the bottom the gel. The second lane, filtrate contained four bands with the molecular weight of 135kDa, 41.6kDa, 16.6kDa, and 11.2kDa, respectively from the top to the bottom. The third lane, S1 contained three bands with the
The determination of the number of thiol groups by DTNB is carried out at pH> 7.5 because the extinction coefficient is strongly pH dependent at pH values more acidic than 7.5. With an altered pH the maximal extinction may be altered, meaning that the absorbency figures will be
The product of this experiment had a melting point of 58-60 °C and a weight of .014 g. Calculations showed that the limiting reagent was meso-stilbene dibromide. With that and the weight of the product, the percent
Spectrophotometers are quite precise instruments allowing for five significant figures to be obtained. The major source of error in this lab is how small the concentration of the reagents are.
Other smaller peaks such as 4.451 min, 4.880 min, 5.144 min, 6.711 min, and 8.111 min were also present. Compared to the three standards, (methyl-2-nitrobenzoate, methyl-3-nitrobenzoate, and methyl-4-nitrobenzoate), the crude HPLC exhibited a second significant peak, whereas the standards demonstrated only one major peak. The second distinct peak for the crude HPLC was observed at 5.144 min with an area of 66794. The HPLC for methyl-2-nitrobenzoate had a major peak at 8.196 min and had smaller ones at 4.466 min, 4.662 min, 6.874 min, and 9.210 min. The HPLC for methyl-3-nitrobenzoate exhibited its strongest peak at 11.611 min and had one small peak at 4.864 min.
10 microliters of the sample is then added and the assay absorption is measured at 340nm. If absorbance was above 1.5, samples were diluted.
1. Did elites gain new power over the masses in early modern western society? Yes I think the elites did gain power. The transformation of Western society after 1450 raises fascinating questions about the role of elites, and was an operation created by elites with the masses as passively watching or futilely protesting.
Photosynthesis is essential to all living organism such as animals and plants. Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reaction that converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen, carbohydrates and water. (Textbook: Principles of Biology). The reactants and the products of photosynthesis are:
In trial two, the procedures stayed the same, but the measurements of the glue was changed to five grams, and the sodium borate was changed to fifteen grams. When on the third trial, the steps were kept identical, but the mass of the glue was replaced to fifteen grams, and the size of the sodium borate was adjusted to five
Once Absorbance280 reached 0.05 or below to insure sufficient washing of the column, 5 column volumes of imidazole elution
All of the T-streak showed growth however, not all of the bacteria formed colonies. Pseudomonas aeruginosa had no colonies therefore, the colony morphology were not applicable. The error could have been to not spreading the bacteria enough using the T-streak method. P.aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli and, Klebsiella pneumoniae all tested as gram negative.
The purpose of this lab was to observe how light is altered as it goes through a solution containing a visible dye. In doing so, we will understand the relationship between absorbance, concentration and light path length. We first created different concentrations of blue stock solutions through dilution. We made 4 dilutions, which gives us 5 solutions in total. Each diluted cup (A-D) had 20 g of stock solution to start with and then 10, 30, 30, 46 g of distilled water was added respectively.
In this experiment the effects of exogenously applied RA on early neural development of zebrafish embryos were observed. It included immunocytochemical and histochemical analysis of the developing embryos along with quantitative analysis of their anatomy. Knowing that RA is a positional signaling molecule, they wanted to observe the changes that occur to the anatomy of the zebrafish embryos at different stages when exposed to RA. Embryos at 50% epiboly and midgastrula stage were exposed to RA concentrations ranging from 10-9¬ to 10-6 M, and embryos at early and late gastrula stages were exposed to RA concentrations of 10-7 M. For immuniohistochemical analysis, antibodies 4D9, HNK-1, and MZ15 were used, HNK-1 was used as a marker of neural crest migration, MZ15 in labeling notochord tissue, and 4D9 in identifying engrailed
1. In what ways is photosynthesis the reverse of respiration? In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water, through the light reaction, is converted into glucose and oxygen.
Photosynthesis and respiration are “reversible” because both are apart of energy flow and chemical recycling in the ecosystem. Light energy, carbon dioxide, and water are gathered for the first stage of photosynthesis which is called light reaction. The second stage of photosynthesis called the Calvin cycle produces glucose, oxygen, and other organic molecules. The products of photosynthesis are then used in the mitochondria to break down glucose, oxygen, and organic molecules which releases ATP, heat energy, carbon dioxide, and water. As ATP and heat energy is used to perform work, carbon dioxide and water is used to carry out photosynthesis resulting the cycle to repeat.