Photosynthesis and respiration are “reversible” because both are apart of energy flow and chemical recycling in the ecosystem. Light energy, carbon dioxide, and water are gathered for the first stage of photosynthesis which is called light reaction. The second stage of photosynthesis called the Calvin cycle produces glucose, oxygen, and other organic molecules. The products of photosynthesis are then used in the mitochondria to break down glucose, oxygen, and organic molecules which releases ATP, heat energy, carbon dioxide, and water. As ATP and heat energy is used to perform work, carbon dioxide and water is used to carry out photosynthesis resulting the cycle to repeat. The placement of energy on one side of the equation affects the …show more content…
The “like dissolves like” expression also applies to the reason why pigments travel further up the chromatography paper. The chromatography paper pulls the solvent of acetone up the paper by capillary action, then the mixture of pigments is dissolved as the solvent of acetone moves over it. The different components travel upwards at different rates, which can result some compounds with greater solubility to travel farther than compounds with less solubility. Finally, the pigments with greater solubility show color streaks on the chromatography paper. Therefore chromatography paper is polar because the polar molecules being tested are attracted to other polar molecules in order for the color streaks to last unlike non-polar molecules which will dissolve in other non-polar …show more content…
On the other hand leaf colors have red, yellow, and orange pigment are outcomes of carotenoids; blues, violets, pinks, purples, and dark reds are made from anthocyanins. The conclusions students made were somewhat correct as they finished the experiment. The only row students got correct was that there is starch present in chlorophyll pigment, where as the other rows students got wrong. Students thought a positive or negative sign must written in the predicted column causing them to be wrong about the actual results. Lastly the carotenoids pigment it was positive that starch should be present but the assumption of starch is present was found to absent in the colored region of the
7. Tape the strip to a pencil and rest the pencil on top of the jar so that the strip hangs into the jar. The goal is to have the end of the chromatography strip just touching the surface of the solvent solution, with the colored dots above the surface of the liquid. Make sure that the colored spots do not come in direct contact with the liquid in the bottom of the glass.
Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration are the main pathways of energy transportation in organisms. However, the reactants and the products are exact opposites in photosynthesis and in cellular respiration.
If a sample’s Rf is lower, that means that it remained closer to the stationary phase. In both variations of the experiment, red dye #40 remained the closest to the stationary phase (on average). Therefore, the red dye #40 had the lowest rate of flow value. The intermolecular forces of the red dye are responsible for its low distance traveled. The molecules of the chromatography paper have strong intermolecular bonds that are highly polar. The red dye is attracted to the paper because of their similar characteristics. The negative and positive ends of both the paper molecules and the red dye #40 molecules attract to each other. It is extremely difficult for the isopropyl alcohol and the sodium chloride solutions to interfere with the bonds of paper and ready dye #40, as a result, both solutions are unable to fully dissolve red dye #40. . NaCl and isopropyl alcohol have very strong intermolecular forces, but the forces of the paper’s molecule were able to attract red dye #40 because they were even
If you put too much of a sample on your chromatography paper, you could possibly have that color bleed into the color next to it, which would mess up your results. If you put too little of a sample on the paper, your color
After wearing the gloves we obtained a chromatography vial from professor and label it with my and my peer initials. We dried up the chromatography vial in fume hood and added 1 ml of chromatography solvent to the vial. Then we took a chromatography strip and measure it 1.5 cm with ruler from one end of the strip and drew a line with pencil we cut two small pieces below the pencil line to form a pointed end. We applied spinach on the strip using quarter to rub the spinach leaf on the line that we drew on the strip and put it into the chromatography vial and placed that in fume hood. We observed as the solvent was moving up the chromatography strip by capillary action. When the solvent was reached approximately 1 cm from the top of the strip then we removed the cap from the vial. We took out the strip from the vial using forceps and marked up the location of the solvent front because it evaporates quickly. We measure out the distance as well as the pigment in order to find out the rf value. Moreover we compared rf values to the one in reference list in order to identify the
Also, unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration is known as a decomposition reaction. During this reaction, the exergonic release of energy is produced by breaking glucose down into smaller ATP molecules, water and carbon dioxide which is released into the air, for use by plants, every time we exhale
The purpose of this lab is to observe the effect of white, green, and dark light on a photosynthetic plant using a volumeter and followed by the calculation of the net oxygen production using different wavelengths color of white and green light, and also the calculation of oxygen consumption under a dark environment, and finally the calculation of the gross oxygen production.
B. Why is it important to stop the chromatograph before the solvent reaches the top of the paper?
It is possible to separate these pigments from each other using a technique called paper chromatography. In this process, plant tissue extract is applied to a piece of chromatography paper. “A solvent is allowed to travel up the paper, and if the pigment is soluble in the solvent, it will be carried along with it.” (Benya, 2009) Different pigments have different affinities for the solvents or polarity and will travel at different rates. Chlorophyll, anthyocyanins, and carotenoids are typically non-polar.
The following procedure dealt with a chromatogram. The materials needed are: a pencil, safety goggles, scissors, chromatography paper strip, capillary tube, spinach plant pigment extract, test tube, cork stopper, graduated cylinder, chromatography solvent (alternative isopropyl alcohol), metric ruler, stopwatch or clock with a secondhand, hook/fashioned paperclip, paper towels, test tube rack, and mortar and pestle. First we obtained a strip of chromatography paper and cut it so it would fit inside a test tube (with it barely touching the bottom of the tube). Also, when touching the strip, touch the sides only. Then we attached (firmly) the top of the strip to a hook (or fashioned paperclip at bottom of the cork stopper). Make sure it fits in the test tube. Next we used the pencil to draw a faint line across the strip two centimeters from the bottom tip of the strip. We placed the cork and strip in place, and we put a mark on the test tube one centimeter below the top of the stopper.
The chromatography paper has to be gently handled by the edges. Then a 2 cm line is made from the bottom point of the paper using a ruler and pencil. The pencil line must be covered by the leaf and then pressed into each other (along the line) using the edge of a quarter. It must be repeated until a dark line appears and also thin as possible. The chromatography paper is inserted into a test tube that contains 5ml chromatography solvent, the pigment and pencil lines are adjusted to be above the solvent. Then the test tube must be recapped and placed in the hood. Meanwhile, the solvent is being observed to see if it moves upward on the paper and if the pigments appear one by one. Since the solvent is not allowed to reach the top of the paper, as it comes near the top it must be removed quickly from the test tube and a pencil line must be drawn to mark the leading edge, also the solvent front, because the solvent evaporates quickly. Each band color is numbered, lowest band number being 1. The center of each color band is estimated and marked. Then the distance is measured by the initial pencil line to the center of t he band. Each pigment is determined by the given colors: (reddish purple = anthocyanins, yellow-green = chlorophyll b, blue-green = chlorophyll a, yellow = xanthophylls, yellow = B carotene). The distance the solvent moved must be measured using this formula
The water travels up the paper to separate all the colors (Chromatography). The color moves higher up the paper depending on the color you’re testing (Candy Chromatography). Water is like a magnet to the chromatography paper because it absorbs it very quickly (Woodford, Chris). When water hit the chromatography paper which has the color on it, the chromatography will separated the ink (Pandey, Kundan).
Photosynthesis is a vital process that autotrophs use to transfer light energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis ultimately produces O2 and glucose. It, like many other biological processes, can be affected by environmental variables. The variable that we altered in the following experiment are intensity, light wavelengths, and pigment types. In order to do this, we conducted three experiments. In the first experiment, we examined the effect of light intensity by placing vials with chloroplasts with DPIP at different light distances in which the results varied. Initially, 30cm away was the most effective for photosynthesis. Then 24cm appeared to be the most effective. Followed by 49cm at minutes 25 and 30. In the second experiment, we
Iodine was used to test for the presence of starch, remaining yellow for its negative control and becoming a blue-black colour if a reaction occurred;
Photosynthesis has a two-stage performance before plants produce the two products they are known to produce. These stages are Photosystem I and II. Photosystem II is dependant on light reactions for energy which causes the electrons to be react and be transferred to Photosystem II. The electrons are transported through the Photosystem II electron transport system, however some energy is used to drive ATP synthesis. Meanwhile, light is being absorbed by the Photosystem I, which causes the electrons to react. This process sends the electrons to the Photosystem I transport system where some energy is released as electrons travel through the electron transport system and is captured as NADPH. When this process is completed oxygen is released from the plant and glucose has been