Photovoltaic Cell And Its Effect On The Environment

The greatest energy that can be produced by the sun is electricity. Photovoltaics, or solar cells, capture the sun and convert it into electricity. Solar cells were discovered by the Europeans back in the 1870’s when they used selenium to develop the telegraph. They found that when light hits selenium it would produce and electrical current. Soon enough there were many scientists and engineers working on photovoltaic systems. Silicon and Selenium proved to be the two best elements to conduct electricity when light hits them. Photovoltaic systems (PV cell) work by converting the suns light into electricity. A semi conducting material absorbs the sunlight, that energy knocks electrons loose from their atoms, this allows the electrons to flow through the material to produce electricity. The further development of solar cells can be attributed to the satellite industry. Solar cells were expensive and there was no use for them until satellites came. Because it is impractical to tether satellites it became important to develop solar energy at any cost that would power these satellites. This created a sustainable market for solar power, the first of its kind.

A solar photovoltaic power system is a technology that converts the energy from sunlight into electrical energy. Residential solar photovoltaic systems can offset much of a household's power needs, depending on the size of the system and the household's needs. The output power from is directly proportional to power received from the sun, which varies throughout the day and year. The rated maximum output of the module might be achieved only occasionally, depending on actual site conditions. It is a renewable source of energy that is sustainable and totally inexhaustible. Solar energy is also a non-polluting source of energy that doesn’t emit any greenhouse gases when producing electricity.

Solar power is the most abundant most renewable resource that we have and it is free. The process starts when the sun shines on Solar PV panels that have been installed on your roof. Photovoltaic refers to the scientific process by which solar energy is converted into electricity. There are a number of silicon cells within each PV panel. These react with photons, or units of light, from the sun to produce direct current or electricity. DC electricity then travels to an inverter, which converts this energy to electricity known as alternating current or AC that can be used in your home or office. AC electricity then travels to the distribution network in your home powering your domestic or office appliances. When your solar panels produce more electricity than your home or office is using, the extra electricity gets fed back into the national grid. Yet, there are many processes the PV cell actually goes through to produce power of electricity. The top and bottom layer of the PV cells are protective glass layers with conducting coding’s. Electricity in the form of electrons flows in and out of these conducting coding’s while electrical production process happens in the middle layer of the PV cell. At the molecular level, a photon strikes a dye molecule absorbed on the surface of the TiO2 causing an excited state, which releases an electron into the TiO2 that exists through the conductive layer. The

Solar energy is defined as the transformation of the sun’s rays into useful forms of energy, for instance, electricity and heat. The capacity of solar radiation a place receives depends on a variety of factors such as geographic location, time of day, season, and local weather. According to Knier (n.d.) photo voltaic and concentrating solar power cells are the two forms of sources to produce electricity. Photo voltaic cells generate electricity directly using solar cells and concentrated solar power cells generate electricity using steam. According to The World Bank - for the past three years, India has taken a enormous step in forwarding and in implementing the green growth agenda by producing 2,000 MW of solar power at the world’s cheap tariff. Solar power is likely to reduce India’s usage of imports of diesel and coal. A number of measurements are probably taking to generate 20,000 MW of solar power in future by 2022. The Solar industry is likely to create 200-400 jobs in the industries like research, development and installation, for every 10 MW of solar power generated. Hence, the government of India had taken enormous steps to increase the productivity of the solar energy. This research report will discuss the effectiveness and the limitations of solar power in India

There are two main forms of solar power: The use of photovoltaic, or PV, cells, and the use of thermal energy from the sun. Photovoltaic cells exploit the photoelectric effect, which converts the protons from the light of the sun into electrons, which can be converted into energy. Photovoltaic energy accounts for fifteen gigawatts of global energy, which is equivalent to fifteen large electric power plants. Also, the production of PV cells has increased by two thousand times over the past twenty years, and it is expected to continue to grow. Solar-thermal energy takes the thermal energy created by the sun and turns it into electricity. Although it only only produces as much energy as one large power plant, solar-thermal energy has many domestic uses. It can not only be used for electricity, but also for solar heating, which uses sunlight to heat up houses. Solar power has already proven to be a reliant source of energy, and it will only continue to improve in technology and

of renewable energy, solar energy, which converts sun energy directly to usable energy such as

A solar photovoltaic system (PV) has been around for 174 years, the system was first discovered in 1839 by a French physicist Alexandre Edmund Becquerel. He discovered the effects of the system while testing with an electrolytic cell made up of two metal electrodes. Sense his findings PV system has revolutionized through the year by various scientists, inventors, and organization. Protovolactic system developed and become a much desired in the 1980, the system was commonly used and found in calculators, wristwatches, radios, and other various electronic gadgets. (Sunlight Electric, 2013)

and also due to risk factors involved in power generation using Nuclear Reactors we are forced to move to newer types of energy generation but also in terms of a clean energy ,Solar energy is one among such in terms of clean energy which has witnessed a great revolution in energy generation along past two decades. This Module deals with the Organic Solar Cells in other words Polymer solar cells. It comprises of Introduction to Organic solar cells,its production,cost involved etc.

The climatic condition in India provides abundant potential of solar power due to large scale radiation available during a wider part of the year due to tropical condition in the country. The solar power can be developed for long term use through the application of solar photo- voltaic (SPV) Technology which

Together, these needs have produced a growing market for photovoltaics which has stimulated innovation. As the market has grown, the cost of cells and systems has declined, and new applications have been discovered.

From this study, it was concluded that the hazardous emissions that are connected to photovoltaic technology are only connected the consumption of energy in the manufacturing process. In 2010, a research project was funded by the Clean Energy Fund. This project only focused on understanding the effects of photovoltaic to the environment. According to this research, photovoltaic energy is in a perfect position to be included in low carbon energy technologies to sustain future energy. The study also concluded that the amount produced was too low to pose adverse effect to the environment.

Around the world, there are hundreds of different methods of how to use alternative energy in order to save the earth from burning fossil fuels. Burning these, causes major air pollution and can be detrimental towards the health of thousands of populations. The best type of energy is photovoltaic energy because it possesses many advantages and it outshines the other alternative sources. In one day, the amount of sunlight shining over the United States is over 2,500 times the entire country’s daily energy usage combined.

Solar energy may define as the energy received by the earth from the sun. This solar energy is in the form of solar radiation. With the help of solar cells, solar radiation can convert into electricity. Sun is a highly powerful energy source, humans and natures are directly depending on the sun. For example in hydro-electricity the solar energy needed for the evaporation of water after that it returns to earth as rain and provides water in dams. In biomass, the solar energy used that process. Solar cells directly converted solar radiation into electricity, during the process time there is no noise or pollution are there. These cells made with some semiconducting materials. If use solar cells in our home it will help to reduce the greenhouse gas emission, minimise the percentage of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere and mainly reduce the necessity of fossil fuels and natural gas use to produce electricity. According to the Ben Sorensen, solar energy is one of a good source of substitute energy, for the reason that it is renewable, economical and does not pollute our environment. Thus, this essay will be divided into three parts. Firstly, we will talk about fossil fuels and its demerits. Secondly, we will look at the issues and implications of solar energy. Finally, we will focus on the advantageous and disadvantageous of solar energy respectively.

India is the seventh largest nation with an area of 3.287 million km2. Moreover, it is a relatively rich and rapidly developing country; for this reason demand for electricity is growing on significantly average at around 5% annually. In addition, one of the most fascinating aspects of solar cells is their ability to convert the most abundant and free forms of energy into electricity

Abstract: The current energy situation with fossil fuels as the main source of the world’s energy has two main flaws: fossil fuels contribute to global warming via the greenhouse effect and they are limited in the quantity that remains. Solar power solves both of these problems and can be captured by utilizing photovoltaic cells. However, photovoltaic cells have their own drawbacks due to their high costs of installation and maintenance.