Phylogeny Influences Behavior

Darwin had a theory that organisms that can adapt better to their environment are more likely to reproduce, obtain food, survive better, and pass on their traits to their offspring; this theory is called natural selection. Natural selection allows

According to Darwin and his theory on evolution, organisms are presented with nature’s challenge of environmental change. Those that possess the characteristics of adapting to such challenges are successful in leaving their genes behind and ensuring that their lineage will continue. It is natural selection, where nature can perform tiny to mass sporadic experiments on its organisms, and the results can be interesting from extinction to significant changes within a species.

Animals fight for survival daily, and sometimes their lives depend on their ability to adapt with their surrounding environments. Natural Selection is the process in which individuals have certain traits that allow

Organisms will be inclined to comply to the desired response if they are rewarded for doing so. If an organism is punished for a certain behavior they will not risk the same punishment recurring.

• Be able to use the terms variation, adaptation, natural selection, and evolution as they apply to this and

Natural selection is the process in which heritable traits that make it more likely for organisms to survive and successfully reproduce become more common in a population over successive generations. Each of us individuals is specifically shaped and formed by our own genetic pattern. We inherit this pattern half from are mother and half from are father. The cause of this is the proximate cause that led it’s phenotype to ultimate causes. Much of we know today about evolution derives from the late great pioneer, Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin was an english naturalist that even from an early age was very interested in outdoor pursuits. Early in his prep career his father tried sending him to the University of Edinburg to pursue his medical

Natural selection occurs when genotypic characteristics which provide better adaption to the environment, increasing survival chances, reproduce and become increasing frequent within a population, perpetuating the beneficial characteristics (Beatty, 1984). Chance is luck, or simply being at the right, (or the wrong), place at the right, (or the wrong), time. Both appear to influence the life of the penguins.

Offspring that possess favorable traits are more capable of surviving into adulthood and thus reproducing. We know from genetics that there is an increased likelihood that their offspring would also possess that desirable trait. The population of individuals possessing the trait would increase as more individuals possessing the trait survived to reproductive years, and fewer without the trait did not. Natural selection can help prevent a species from going extinct if they were to face adverse conditions that

Heredity. The offspring must tend to resemble their parents: roughly speaking, 'like must produce like'.

Many Scientist have done experiments to see if animals have certain ways of communicating with each other and learning. Scientists then were interested to see if the nature has anything to do with the way they learn and communicate. It is interesting enough to understand how animals relate with each other and their ways of learning from one another. In this chapter there are different ways at which scientists looked at the effects of imprinting, the associative learning, and classical conditioning.

Darwin concluded that a species is a group of organisms that breeds and has offspring and that living organisms have descended with changes passed down from species that lived before them.

According to Darwin, there are three primary forces in natural selection. The first force is variation in traits. Some beetles are brown and some are green in color. The second force is differential reproduction. Some beetles are more likely to be eaten by birds than other beetles, thus the less appealing beetles are more likely to survive and reproduce. The third force is heredity. The less appetizing (and thus, less eaten beetles), produce offspring that continue to thrive in future generations.

consider a species to be. There are two main competing theories about species, the biological

A biological constraint in learning theory refers to an inherited tendency to learn and create certain relationships, and it has been said that some species are much more readily than others in learning such behaviour. Therefore it involves the factors which make populations resistant to evolutionary change and the animals biological make up. In this paper I will attempt to explain the bases of the original biological approaches to learning in classical conditioning in humans and animals, make comparison between animals and the association of fears

Natural selection drives evolution. Natural selection is “decent with modification” that happens because not all organisms are at an equal chance to reproduce for the next generation (Krukonis 15). This form of selection is process of selection when the natural environment is the selective force (“Natural Selection”). Natural selection tends to take place over a longer period of time. On the other hand, Artificial selection is the process of when people control which organisms are favored to reproduce. Artificial selection tends to take place over a shorter period time. This category of selection means that people selectively breed chickens lay more eggs and kill off the rest of the chickens. One more example, would be breeding cows that produce more milk (Krukonis 15). Next displays evolution, natural selection, and evolution at work.