Physical And Physical Development

The infants physical development starts with the head and then moves to other parts of the body. From the very beginning babies are very curious and are ready to start exploring. Infants necks are unable to support the weight of the head when the baby is sat up straight. They are able to turn their heads left to right when laying down. Infants are able to close their fist.

Physical development is the explanation of the development of the body and its functions; below is an explanation of physical development from 0-19 years of age.

*Physical development: At the ages of 3 and 4, a child will learn to jump, tiptoe, go up and down stairs, catch, climb and throw, paint, thread beads, use scissors, draw people and houses.

The term cognition refers to how the mind operates and the study of cognitive development focuses on how the mind thinks and learns during the early years of life (Universal Class, Inc.). The major premise of Piaget's theory is that children go through various stages of cognitive development, all of which are distinct from one another and influenced by both nature and nurture. (Universal Class, Inc.). Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception, e.g., the product of exposure, experience and learning on an individual (Simply

Cognitive Development refers to the construction of the thought process that includes problem solving, remembering and the ability to make decisions, from childhood up to the adulthood stage. Cognitive/Intellectual Development is the ability to learn, reason, and analyze the fact that a process begins from infancy and progresses as the individual (Educational Psychology). Cognitive Development contains events that are logical, like thinking and remembering. Some factors remain the same throughout many of the theories on cognitive development. All theorists agree that people go through specific steps and/or

Cognitive development is the way a child sees, thinks and gains understanding of the world through interaction, influence, learned and genetic factors. There are four areas of intelligence and child brain development. They are: biological approaches to intelligence, cognitive succession of stages, knowledge, and intellectual ability.

From birth, a child develops physically. They firstly develop their reflexes, for example rooting, sucking and swallowing. At one month a baby should startle less. At 3 months a baby should lift and turn their own head. At 6 months a baby should be able to lift their hands and feet into the air. At 9 months a baby should be able to use their fingers to feed. At one year a baby should be able to stand holding onto furniture. At 18 months a child should be able to sit, and ride toys using their legs to push. At 2 years a child should be able to run and climb. At 3 years a child should be able to walk up stairs independently. At 4 years a child should be able to use their hands for tasks such as using scissors. At 5-6 years a child should be able to kick and control a ball. At 7-9 years a child should be able to draw and write neater, and cut out more accurately. At 9-11 years a child should have better coordination in fine and large movements. At 11-13 years a young person should have growth and changes to their body. At 13-19 years a young person’s body shape will be changing.

Conception also known as fertilisation is the fusing of two gametes. This creates an embryo which will eventually develop into a baby. All human life begins with conception. A fertile woman will usually produce one egg a month around 2 weeks after the last menstrual period.

Cognitive development is very important throughout the stages of life. It is very important to how we function and think as individuals. In order to be successful academically and physically, we as human beings have to crawl before we can walk. So it is a step by step process that starts from prenatal development.

There are multiple theories explaining how cognitive development occurs. Piaget’s stage theory, for example, focuses on whether children progress qualitatively through stages of development (Diener 2017). A theory based in nature vs. nurture, Piaget believed a child’s cognition develops biologically as they grow, based on their interactions with the environment. Sociocultural theory, on the other hand, believes children are influenced by the beliefs, values, perceptions, and opinions of those around them. Finally, information processing theories suggest that children process the information they receive and do not merely react to stimulus.

This paper is will focus on the influences of physical and cognitive development in adolescence from 12 to 18 years of age. This part of the developmental stage has many factors that affect the physical development as well as the cognitive development in adolescence. In addition to influences of physical and cognitive development this paper will also focus on the hereditary and environmental influences that make up this stage in life.

Physical development relates to this stage because children are developing in many ways, such as they are learning how to walk, holding objects, learning about activities etc. They learn about their strength’s, so physical development takes a big part in this stage.

Between the age of six and eight years, a child goes through a lot of physical, motor, emotional and behavioral growth where different attitudes and values are developed. This age group is associated physical developments such as slower growth rates of about eight pounds and 2 and a half inches per year, more muscle growth and less fat development than in earlier years, and an increase in strength (National Childcare Accreditation Council, 2008).

Cognitive developmental theory is founded on the idea that children gain knowledge by exploring and influencing the world that is all around them. According to Mossler (2014) “After many years of observing the mental limitations of children, including his own, Piaget came to the conclusion that children of

Nowadays, more and more children have obesity compare to the children in thirty years ago. The research showed that children who have obesity in their early age may cause either short-term or long-term consequence. The short-term consequence for the obesity children include low self-esteem and the long-term consequence includes asthma and heart disease. (CDC) The best way to prevent these is to encourage children do at least one hour physical exercise a day within the trained instructor guided. ( Epstein 2014) My paper is mainly focused on how my curriculum promote physical development in a child care center.