Physical Maturation B : Cognitive Development And Schooling

They are going through transitions in intellectual development and the process and transition of primary to secondary education.’ There are various intellectual skills that an adolescent will learn within this life stage. When in the adolescent life stage, the emotional development norms for an individual is to learn their personal identity and they must leant about who they are about how to control their emotions within the change of puberty. Low self-esteem and confidence issue is often something most teenagers struggle with. With adolescence secondary learning occurs, a person’s self-worth can change within this life-stage due to the social situations that an individual had to be within, also their use of clothing, language and religion etc. The introduction of hormones can often change how teenagers see themselves. Adolescent’s independence that they go through can affect their social and emotional development.

It is not clear why adolescence starts at a specific time. What is clear is that natural and social elements assume a part. This trend towards early maturation is believed to be a result of improved nutritional intake and a reduced amount of illness over the past century (Feldman, 2014). Additional factors that can influence early maturation in girls, according to Feldman (2014), would be the percentage of fat to muscle, moreover the

The purpose of study one is to demonstrate if there was an association between the times the young girls get their period and if they develop an eating disorder, body dimorphism or other psychological variables. The participant’s average age was 20 years old; they also took their height which averaged out to 5 '5 and their BMI which averaged out to 22.12. They also took into consideration their relationship status, their religion and their race. The second study demonstrated if there was an association of young girl’s perception of their bodies before they started puberty and developing eating disorders, body dimorphic or other psychological variables. Each participant was a volunteer and to keep it as unbiased as possible they were

| |Secondary sex characteristics develop – body shape, |Dual-process model – Advanced logical thought |Adolescents become independent and clash with the parents’ |

Physical development of children correlates to other areas of development, for example, fine and gross motor and results in healthy development of the brain. A teacher should observe and assess the development of the learners’ fine-motor coordination and gross-motor developmental milestones during outdoor play. However, children grow at different rates, which is an indication that a child may regress in a skill or reach a milestone earlier than another.

The female, sex organs include the vagina, fallopian tubes, ovaries uterus and so forth. The male sex organs consist of the penis, testes, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and scrotum. During puberty, both female and male organs enlarge and mature (Papalia, 2015, pp. 326-327). The biological view suggests the foundation for pubertal timing and tempo in “secondary sexual characteristics are (breast, genitals, pubic hair), reproductive capability, height, weight, and accompanying psychological and behavioral changes” (Marceau et al., 2014). Primary and secondary sexual characteristics and vast changes accompany rapid body growth for both genders in puberty (Berk, 2015, p. 397). However, in view, it is essential that adults become aware of potential warning signs of physical maturing adolescents both early and late. For instance, are late developing boys and early maturing girls as they appear to be at an increased risk for many problems, including depression (Graber, Lewinsohn, Seeley, & Brooks-Gunn, 1997; Perry, 2000 in American Psychological Association,

For many years it was believed that the brain stopped developing within the first few years of life but it is now known that the brain continues to develop through adolescence. Scientists were able to make this discovery by studying the brain through MRIs. They have determined that adolescence is a crucial and sensitive time for growth in humans and that the environments of adolescents determines their functions and mental state for adulthood. This information is important to teaching and parenting which both occur during adolescence. It also is able to help explain the way that adolescents act during this stage in their life.

In the field of Psychology there are many different topics that come about when learning about the essentials of life span development. Life span development consists of numerous things that people encounter from birth, childhood, adolescents, and adulthood. Today let's analyze the gender differences between the timing of an adolescent's first sexual behavior. The reason for these differences between the gender can be made up of multiple things. Some researchers may say that sexual orientation, race, culture or other demographic characteristics play a role. When looking at this particular topic, for boys participating in sexual behaviors is consider normally. Where as for a girl it is looked downed on because of the risk of pregnancy at a young age. The timing for boys and girls first sexual behavior mainly depends on the maturity and physical level of the adolescents. Most can confirm that it is likely for girls to mature faster than boys because of the physical changes and thought process that happens so fast within the female adolescent's body.

Puberty plays a huge role in the physical development of teenagers. Puberty looks different for males and females due to different hormones and how they vary between sexes. Physically, boys will tend to grow taller, experience enlargement of testicles, scrotum and the penis, they will have pubic hair growth and voice changes and deepening. Girls will experience physical changes such as breast development, menstruation, growth spurt and pubic hair growth. Cognitively, at this age many males and females are overly concerned with their own thoughts and feelings. They usually feel as if nobody has ever felt the way they have and never will because their feelings are unique. James Marcia helps to explain socioemotional development by identifing four identity statues, which are, identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement. These statues help identity where an adolescent stands in their life choices, and future. At this age, you also see many adolescences fighting with their parents or forming new relationships. Adolescence development contributes immensely to way people view themselves and those around them, causing them to continue to develop into the person, they want to

Adolescence is a life transition typically beginning around age 10 or 12 and lasting until ages 18 or 22. There are many biopsychosocial changes that will take place during this life transition. This life transition is also known as the teen years, and are characterized by continued physical growth, and significant biological changes that signal the onset of men and women's sexual maturity, and the beginning of development into adulthood. Adolescents face important decision points concerning central life tasks such as childbearing, schooling, and career trajectories that have repercussions for health and development throughout their life span (Chase-Lansdale, et al., 2011). Stable and supportive family environments are essential for strengthening youth during this period of change (Chase-Lansdale, et al., 2011). Sexual maturity begins with puberty, this is characterized by rapid physical sexual growth and often accompanied by hormonal, emotional, and other changes. The primary sexual characteristics are the development of the male and female sexual organs, consisting of the prostate gland, the penis, the uterus,

One of the first developments in this stage is puberty, so the first strategy for this period is being aware of when an individual is to begin puberty. This is important because it is likely that a young woman will start developing before a young man. This may cause bullying and social confusion. The book says that women tend to develop breasts by the age of ten, as well as having the first menstrual period by the age of twelve and a half. While young men have their peak height spurt at age fourteen and can start growing facial hair by age sixteen (Hockenbury et.al, 2016). Another important part of the adolescent time period is social development. This is a time where the individual finds their identity and explores new opportunities. The strategy to take home with this new development is understanding that part of this stage will include peer relationships just as much as parental relationships. Also, keeping in mind that young adults will experiment with new relationships. The book says that parent- adolescent relationships tend to be positive, as romantic and sexual relationships also become increasingly important throughout the adolescent year (Hockenbury et.al, 2016). All of these new experiments are beneficial to the growth of the adolescent

Adolescence is such a delicate, unpredictable, and paramount developmental stage that shapes the human person into adulthood, during this period the human experience the physical and emotional changes and instability, all while dealing with social and cultural environment. Just as it is mentioned in the textbook " Developmental occurs within various domains, including the intellectual, emotional, psychosocial, moral, and even spiritual spheres." (Martin, 2014, p. 123). There are wide variety of studies dedicate to indentify, prevent and, treat the many different issues that can arise during this transitional time where the person is going from childhood into adulthood.

Puberty and nutrition, variability in the timing of menarche and social implications. Puberty refers to the set of physical changes that signal the onset of reproductive maturation. According to the book, the onset of puberty is complex, involving several factors, such as individuals and family genetics and family dynamic. Before the 1900’s, the average age of menarche for girls in the United States was over 14. In today's society 80% of all American girls reach menarche between the ages 11 and 13.75, with a mean of 12.5 years. The comparison age of menarche worldwide is 13.5 years, ranging from 12.5 to 14.5 years, with even later menarche found among malnourished girls in undeveloped countries.

Phillips, R. (2010). How Firm is Our Foundation? Current Play Therapy research. International Journal of PLay Therapy, 19(1), 13-25.

Adolescence is the distinct transitional stage between childhood and adulthood in human development, extending primarily over the teenage years and terminating legally when the age of majority is reached (Rathus, 2014). However in some instances, this biological, cognitive, social and emotional maturity may not be reached until a later stage and may be dictated by gender. Adolescence is characterised by rapidly changing and unpredictable behaviour (Freud, as cited in Rathus 2014), heightened and unstable emotions (Hall, as cited in Rathus 2014), disturbances in identity, the gradual development of one’s moral reasoning (Kohlberg, as cited in Rathus, 2014) and the gradual establishment of one’s independence. Several of these changes may occur at differing phases in adolescent growth. This development is categorized into three separate stages; early adolescence, middle adolescence, and late adolescence. Early Adolescence, commencing from the ages of eleven or twelve until the age of fourteen, comprises of several features such as rapid biological development and maturity, heightened stress levels and limited coping capabilities. On the other hand, middle adolescence, from the approximate age of fourteen to sixteen, involves the gradual cease of biological change, an increase in coping strategies and declined stress levels. Furthermore, late adolescence, commencing from the age of sixteen until the age of eighteen or nineteen, encompasses physical maturity, whereby the