Physical, Psychological, Social And Environmental Barriers

One particular barrier that has been found to have an indirect effect on physical activity is self-efficacy and self-motivation. Self-efficacy allows humans to overcome barriers such as feeling tired to exercise; because of social norms, it is harder for females to have high self-efficacy and in turn, harder to overcome barriers to motivation (Louw, Van Biljon, & Mugandani, 2012).

This behavior change project has become a huge part of my everyday life. I lost sight of how important staying in shape affects my overall mental state along with my physical well-being. Having a life that consists of so many activities such as going to school, working, and maintaining a full and happy relationship with the people I care about is hard to balance with just making time for myself. That is why keeping this three day a week workout regime over the past five weeks has been so important; it made me realize that I can make time to focus on just working on myself, and in turn, improve all other aspects of my life. Realizing of course that there are many people in this world that have real life health problems that they seek professional help for. These changes in their lives require a system or a theory that must be applied to develop a strategic an organized way to regulate or change their behavior.

Exercise behavior is the study of theories which work to explain actions and phenomenon’s that occur when looking at peoples perspectives of exercise. One overall theory called The Transtheoretical model (TTM), includes elements from “across a variety of theories and models behavior, some of which are social-cognitive in nature and some of which are not” (79). The TTM describes five stages of behavior change: Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. By using TTM as the base of multiple theories, a greater picture of exercise behavior is created to understand how individuals become interested and continue to make a life style that involves normal exercise.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2014), only 21% of Americans are sufficiently physically active according to the guidelines set forth in 2008. Thus, living a sedentary lifestyle has become an epidemic, and one that is not without consequence. The CDC (2014) further states that one’s risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke, depression, some cancers, and early death is noticeably higher for those living a sedentary lifestyle. Certainly, then, promoting physical activity is a simple intervention providers should practice to prommote overall health and prevent or delay the onset of disease. A motivational interview was conducted with Cherish Brown, a 22-year-old

For the health behavior change interview assignment, I had the pleasure of interviewing Jackie B. After spending a summer abroad, Jackie’s primary desire is to get into the habit of going to the gym at least three times per week. Jackie lives a pretty active lifestyle, however, between going to school and working, life can become a bit overwhelming. Working out is the mechanism that helps Jackie manage her stress.

Sudden realization has proven the benefits of reducing sedentary behavior; health improvement is a priority as a goal, shifting from pre-contemplation to contemplation. Once enter the contemplation stage, people will try to engage and stay in their behavioral change for at least six months. Even thought my behavioral change has only started in the past 3 weeks I’m confident that I will be able to complete six months. The contemplation stage was achieved when I decided to begin my journey to reduce my sedentary behavior. After initiating the contemplation stage I initiated the preparation stage, in which my schedule was developed and routines were created.

Children and adolescents are a continuously underserved population in our society with regards to mental health services. There are many systemic barriers to the access and use of mental health services among this population. The following information will identify and explain these systemic barriers and explain why this population is so underserved.

The variables underneath this concept include perceived benefits of action, perceived barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy and activity-related affect. Perceived benefits of action help the provider determine the client’s expectations of the consequences of undertaking a health behavior (Pender et al, 2002). Perceived barriers may consist of perceptions concerning the unavailability, inconvenience, expense, difficulty, or time consuming nature of a particular action when undertaking healthy behavior (Pender et al, 2006). Perceived self-efficacy can play a major role in how one approaches goals, tasks and challenges. The provider can evaluate the client’s belief in their ability to achieve in specific situations or accomplish a task. Being talented and capability of performing skills in a specific area encourages client participation. It also builds self-confidence in performing the health promoting behavior successfully (Pender et al., 2002). Activity-related affect is a variable that assesses the client’s subjective feelings that occur prior to, during and after a specific health behavior. Health promoting behaviors associated with a positive subjective affect will likely be repeated, whereas behaviors associated with a negative subjective affect will likely be avoided (Pender et al.,

Once the symptoms of exercise addiction are clearly identified in a patient, medical and health professionals should seek appropriate treatments tailored to find the source or route of their addiction (Lane, 2008). Additionally, these professionals must differentiate if the addiction occurs in the absence of an eating disorder. In some cases, an addiction to exercise is typically a dissatisfaction with the individual’s physical appearance. Under stress from this displeasure, exercise is rationalized as a positive solution to combat this instead of turning to other potentially addictive behaviors (Landolfi, 2012).

The HBM indicates that in order for individuals to take action on their health care decision, all six constructs of the model must exist. The first construct perceived susceptibility, is a person’s view on their vulnerability to an illness. The second construct perceived severity, is a person’s outlook on how critical an illness is and whether there are any consequences. The third construct perceived benefits, is a person’s belief of the advantages of taking the steps required to reduce risk or susceptibility. The fourth construct perceived barriers, is a person must accept the advantages of taking the steps required are worth more than the costs. The fifth construct cue to action, a person must be subject to elements that promote action. The

These three factors include a number of constructs. In this particular study the most prominent constructs are knowledge, outcome expectations, observational learning (perceived facilitators and impediments), and most importantly, self-efficacy. The article does a good job in explaining how each of the constructs applies to the study. The article states that the knowledge people have of health risks and benefits regarding a particular habit in order to determine which behavior changes are necessary. Outcome expectations are a crucial determinant of behavior change. In this case, the beneficial outcomes of physical activity must outweigh the risks/negative effects. The social side to this is very similar. It is important to have the support and encouragement from those around you. The facilitators and impediments include both social and structural factors that may motivate or impede the ability to accomplish ones goals. And finally, self-efficacy, which is important despite age, gender, or socioeconomic status, in determining the ability to overcome any obstacle on the road to a healthier lifestyle. It is important that I describe each of these determinants in detail because they are key components to the outcome measures of the

Health, wellness, and fitness are affected by many factors, some of which we have learned we can control and others that offer us little or no control (Corbin, Welk, Corbin, & Welk, 2016). The environment is influential factors regarding our health, whether that be the physical, spiritual, emotional, social, or intellectual environment. One strategy that I can use to improve my physical environment is to force myself get up from my desk throughout the day and commit to a physical activity program.

Some strongly believe that a requirement for adherence success is that movement professionals strive to understand the purposes behind one’s decision to begin exercising in the first place. In addition, it is thought that understanding what has prevented someone from beginning an exercise regimen in the past or the causes for relapse back into a sedentary lifestyle are also crucial tools for success. Once these variables have been identified, the professional and their client or student should be able to come up with ways to overcome these obstacles and plan ahead for periods of relapse. While it is important to be able to understand these barriers, the concern lies in the fact that this comprehension can only provide limited power to movement professionals. All the planning, discussions about overcoming barriers, and motivational tips have set them up for success, but it is their personal responsibility to follow through and maintain an exercise program, which can be a struggle when alone.

Today's world is full of modern conveniences. Communication is at the touch of a button, you can drive right to the window and get handed a greasy, hot meal, and even walking has become bothersome. Trying to find that spot closest to the door is worth driving around the lot five times. Kids play more in virtual reality than outdoors, and parents who are strapped for time settle on quick, processed meals for dinner. Unfortunately, we've created an environment fit for the lazy. Instead of having to preform physical activities to function throughout the day, we must find time for physical activity, which might not be realistic for everyone. The fast food industry and quick processed dinners feed the consumer with no time for exercise, and the

Exercise may be one of the most important influences on your overall health to date. While the only benefits that are mainly focused on are the physical benefits, significant psychological impacts can also be linked to exercise. Although some of these benefits aren’t viewed with much enthusiasm, studies have proven that exercise can actually improve one’s quality of life greatly by increasing not only their physical health but their mental health as well. It is because of this that exercise is a