Physical Reflection : The Embryology Of The Pleura

A.1. Which clue would tell Stefan which scapular surface was anterior and which was posterior?

Upper chest, sub sternal radiating to neck and jaw, sub sternal radiating down left arm, epigastric, epigastric radiating to neck, jaw, and arms, neck and jaw, left shoulder ad down both arms, and intrascapular

1. The anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the

|Second rib: bilateral, at the second costochondral junctions, just lateral to the junctions on the upper surfaces. |

The thorax is similar to an airtight box that holds the bronchial tree, lungs, heart, and other structures. The top and sides of the thorax are formed by the ribs and attached muscles, and the bottom is formed by diaphragm which is a large muscle. The chest walls form a protective cage around the lungs and other contents of the chest cavity.

Air escaped from the lung into the pleural space. Eventually, enough air collected in the pleural space to cause the mediastinum to shift twoard the right. The collapsed left lung, increased intrapleural pressure, and rightward shift make it difficult to ventilate A.W.

In the fetal pig, the heart was enclosed in a pericardial cavity, with the right and left lungs on each side of it (Freeman, et. al). The mediastinum, which includes the pericardium, the esophagus, the trachea, and other structures separates the thoracic cavity into right and left sides (Field, pg. 11). The muscular diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal pelvic cavity, where the digestive and urinary systems are located (Field p. 11). As we worked through the dissection we were able to observe each organ system individually and look deeper into all of the anatomical structures that play a role in its function.

to the right and left lung. After entering the lungs, the branches subdivide, finally emerging as

I’m finally in the lung. I can finally see what it looks like. I see a structure that looks like a three without leaves. I am passing the right primary bronchi. It is a tube like structure that allow for the passage of air between the trachea and lung (Health Type, 2012). As I move along the right primary bronchi branches off into the right secondary bronchi. Each one of the bronchi serves as an airway to a specific lobe of the lung (Wikipedia, 2011). The bronchi have cartilage plates, smooth muscles, and mucus-secreting gland cells in its wall (Wikipedia, 2011). They contain cilia, which removes dust and debris. Wow! The right secondary bronchi are branching off into very small passageways called bronchioles. The bronchioles are responsible for controlling air distribution and airflow resistance in the lungs (Wise Geek, 2012). They also contain cilia that help move air through the system. The bronchioles are now terminating at the alveolar ducts. They are the tiny end ducts that fill the lungs. At the end of

When a person gets a mesothelioma diagnosis, he or she is understandably upset and confused. Much of this comes from the fact that a diagnosis is often completely unexpected. This kind of diagnosis usually comes from exposure to asbestos. Cases with no asbestos exposure are so rare as to hardly ever be mentioned.

Left lung is whitened out. However, patent flow was seen in the LPA though the flow it is diminished in the area corresponding to left upper lobe. Normal levophase was identified with possible single common left pulmonary vein.

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Q.3 :- Explain what a normal chest film would demonstrate ,with a particular refrence to the structures that would be visible and their 3 dimensional anatomical relationships.

These are pyramidal-shaped areas which are also separated from each other by membranes. There are about 10 of them in each lung. Each segment receives its own blood supply and air supply.

Healthy lung tissue is predominately soft, elastic connective tissue, designed to slide easily over the thorax with each breath. The lungs are covered with visceral pleura which glide fluidly over the parietal pleura of the thoracic cavity thanks to the serous secretion of pleural fluid (Marieb, 2006, p. 430). During inhalation, the lungs expand with air, similar to filling a balloon.