Physical Scars In Sethe's Traumar

is a firm believer that too much love is bad for a person. In order to keep his brutal past behind him, he believes that one should only love a little. After Sweet Home, Paul D. attempts to kill his new owner and is forced into a chain-gang in which he is performs oral sex on white men. He realizes that even a rooster has more importance than him to white men. He has trouble committing to a woman who offers him shelter and eventually finds himself at 124, where he discovers Sethe’s overwhelming love and madness and Beloved’s presence. He keeps his memories and feelings in a rusted tobacco tin. When Beloved has sex with him, possibly in a vision or dream, the past comes rushing back to him. “He didn’t hear the whisper that the flakes of rust made either as they fell away from the seams of his tobacco tin. So when the lid gave he didn’t know it. What he knew was that when he reached the inside part he was saying, ‘Red heart. Red heart,’ over and over again” and then wakes himself up with his screaming (138). Beloved is both Sethe’s daughter and a symbol for the past generations of slaves. She opens Paul D. to love again, a cruelty in an already cruel world. Keeping love at bay has helped Paul D. and others like Ella feel safe from their pasts. At the end of the novel, when Beloved is gone, Paul D. goes back to 124 to help Sethe. Morrison shows the human capacity to love after so much has been taken or removed from the human

To Paul D, the biggest violation is that they beat Sethe while she was pregnant. However, through physical contact he is able to learn her story and further understand what she has been through. "...he held his breasts in the palms of his hands. He rubbed his cheek on her back and learned that way her sorrow, the roots of it; its wide truck and intricate branches." Paul D found a way to learn what she had been through, and feel what she has felt, by physical connection with parts of her which had been damaged, and more specifically, her scars. In this way, scars fulfill not only a storytelling role, but serve also as a means of connection. In the passion of the moment, Paul D sees her scars as a beautiful part of Sethe's person, on page 20 he refers to her scars as a "wrought-iron maze" which he wants to explore and to know. "He saw the sculpture her back had become, like the decorative work of an ironsmith too passionate for display. " Paul D has no real words to express his emotions at that time except for "Aw, Lord, girl", but on page 18 he shows his desire to heal Sethe and make things better in another way. "He would have no peace until he had touched every ridge and leaf of it with his mouth, none of which Sethe could feel because her back skin had been dead for years. What she knew was that the responsibility for her breasts, at last, was in someone else's hands." Again, the true communication and interpersonal connection

In Sethe’s perspective when it came to whether or not she should kill her kids or have herself and her children all go back to Sweet Home, she rather kill them before they have the chance to become slaves based off of the past experiences she had as a slave. In Sethe’s view, “I told Mrs. Garner on em. She had that lump and couldn’t speak but her eyes rolled out tears. Them boys found out I told on em. Schoolteacher made one open up my back, and when it closed it made a tree. It grows there still” (17). This means that not only was Sethe violated by boys but she was also whipped hard enough on her back to cause scarring that resembles a tree. In the novel the word “tree” symbolizes her unpleasant past. For example the tree-shaped scar on her back and back at Sweet Home there would be dead slaves hanging on trees. Another example of Sethe’s past experiences was her getting violated being a sex slave. According to Sethe, “After I left you, those boys came in there and took my milk. That’s what they came in there for.” Morrison’s point is that slaves are not seen as human. This is important because slaves were seen as property like animals. For instance, the boys take Sethe’s breastfeeding milk as if she were a cow. In Sethe’s words, “Where I was before I came here, that place is real. It’s never going away. Even if the whole farm--every tree and grass blade of it dies. The picture is still there and what's

Paul D, a fellow ex-member of Sweet Home, the same place Sethe was stationed in during her slavery years, is a character who was a victim of cruelty done by a society and a communtiy and was forced to act cruely himself. Schoolteacher, the man who represents slavery, hurts Paul D by making him realize that he has less worth than a rooster named Mister. This makes Paul D question how much exactly he is worth, and where he belongs as can be seen as he travels the states based on the advice of a Cherokee member. Paul D eventualy finds that place in 124, with Sethe. One of the most obvious scenes of Paul D committing a cruel deed is when he

“It was some time before he could put Alfred, Georgia, Sixo, Schoolteacher, Halle, his brothers, Sethe, minister, the taste of iron, the sight of butter, the smell of hickory, notebook paper, one by one, into the tobacco tin lodged in his chest. By the time he got to 124 nothing in this world could pry it open.” (Morrison 133) The tobacco tin represents privacy and his past. Paul D was locking up his past in this tin can. The tin can isn’t even something Paul D can open up himself. In this next quote, Paul D and Sethe were discussing the past but they decide not to go in too deep into their memories. “Saying more might push them both to a place they couldn't get back from. He would keep the rest where it belonged: in that tobacco tin buried in his chest where a red heart used to be. It's lid rusted shut. He would not pry it loose now in front of this sweet sturdy woman, for if she got a whiff of the contents it would shame him. And it would hurt her to know that there was no red heart as bright as Mister’s comb beating in him." (Morrison 86). This quote shows that both Sethe and Paul D were unwilling to dwell on the past too much due to their fear of reliving it. Paul D attempts to force his memories into that tobacco tin but they always found a way to leak back out once again. Next it is important to discuss how Emily holding onto her father represents the theme.

William, Rachel’s three year old son is crying standing over her as she is slowly regaining consciousness. Her boyfriend, Daniel, was gone; their bedroom door was left cracked open and Rachel was on the couch in their room. Pained around her neck from where he choked her, she tries to wrap her head around how she got to this point. Why does Daniel hate her? What did she do this time? Can she, should she, just leave with William? Rachel realizes she has to get out of the house before Daniel gets back. When she arrives at her mother’s house, her mom is alarmed. Rachel has bruises around her neck and marks around her hairline. Rachel’s mother tells her “You come here every week and you go back to that monster every week. I see these bruises but you must not feel they are a problem since you keep going back to him.” Rachel’s mom walks out of the room frustrated.

Sethe says she believes she won't even have to explain her motives for killing her (a love so great she can't let her be taken into a life of slavery). "I don't have to remember nothing," Sethe tells herself on page 183. "I don't even have to explain. She understands it all." Sethe believes the one true way she will find restitution and understanding with Beloved, is by knowing the mark she has left on her daughter. "I only need to know one thing. How bad is the scar?" Sethe feels that by knowing the scar, by touching the "memory of a smile under her chin," she can feel her daughter's pain and connect with her.

Sethe divulged to Paul D the catastrophic events that caused her to run away from Sweet Home, and then she surrendered her sons and daughter to a woman in a wagon because she was worried about the family’s future under the Schoolteacher’s reign. Her description of the assault was straight forward. She told Paul D and very succinctly the roughness and cruelty of those white people especially the two white boys who beat her while she was pregnant with Denver injuring her so badly that her back skin had been dead for years. She refers to the situation as

When Sethe first meets Beloved, she welcomes her with a suspiciously large magnitude. Furthermore, it is clear that Sethe never revealed her past experiences to Denver, yet the moment Beloved asks about her lost earrings, it was “the first time she had heard anything about her(Sethe’s) mother’s mother”(61). This proves that Beloved, and not anyone else, is pulling Sethe to the past, by making her recollect of her days as a slave. In addition,“it is clear why she holds on to you(Sethe), but I just can’t see why you holding on to her,” Paul mentioned(67). This shows how Paul realizes that Sethe has taken in Beloved without much reasoning, and when Beloved hums a song that Sethe happened to make up, Sethe fully but blindly embraces Beloved as family. In fact, she “had gone to bed smiling,” anxious to “unravel the proof for the conclusion she had already leapt to”(181). This shows how consumed by Beloved she is.

However, unlike Paul D, Sethe thinks about trees to calm the pain and suffering she went through as a slave. During her time spent in slavery, Sethe witnessed events such as whippings, lynching, and hangings. In her memory, Sethe choses to focus on other things such as plants and trees preventing her from reliving painful memories. “Boys hanging from the most beautiful sycamores in the world,”...“ Try as she might to make it otherwise, the sycamores beat out the children every time and she could not forgive her memory for that.”(Morrison 7) Another instance where Sethe looks to trees for healing and escape is when she describes the scar on her back to Paul D. “I have never seen it and I never will, but that is what she said it looked like. A chokecherry tree. Trunk, branches, even leaves. Tiny little chokecherry leaves.”(Morrison 18) Sethe also views plants as a life force and seems to always acknowledge them during the moments in which she is happiest. For example, living in freedom with her family, Sethe describes the beauty of the day. “The sky was blue and clear. Not one touch of death in the definite green of the leaves. She could hear birds and, faintly, the stream way down in the meadow.”(Morrison 162) Overall, Sethe's relationship with plants is that she views them as a life source with the power to distract and heal her from the abominable memories that still haunt

In this chapter, we learn that Sethe was already pregnant with Denver when she ran away from Sweet Home. By the time when Sethe collapsed her feet in the woods, a white girl Amy Denver had found Sethe. Due to Sethe’s fear about Sweet Home, she told Amy Denver a false name- “Lu”, because if she were caught, she would be returned to Sweet Home, and she would continue experiencing her previous painful daily life again. Amy Denver helps Sethe by massaged her feet and release her pain. Later, Sethe gave birth to her baby successfully with Amy’s help and Sethe also naming the child after Amy Denver.

Paul D is left in shock and denial claiming, “That ain’t her mouth,” attempting to obscure the reality where Sethe did indeed kill her baby (154). The once idealistic woman who Paul D had known and loved for years has turned to do something so evil, leaving him in dismay. He did not understand Sethe’s motives; no one truly did. No one could draw the line of connection between the idea of saving one’s children by killing them. As Stamp Paid continues to read the news clipping, Paul D goes into a frenzy, shaking his head in disbelief. The look on Paul D’s face was so full of terror that even Stamp Paid thought that “the stranger the lips in the drawing became” as Paul D continued to shake in apprehension, questioning if the event really did occur

In Scar Tissue, the lifestyle Anthony Kiedis has fits with the addiction cycle by constantly having a struggle to fit in or use drugs to get a stimulation of relief. He would have thoughts such as Hillel, Flea and himself would have to use before a show to feel as if they are playing to the best of their ability. The increased amount of drugs became to grow stronger as he got more famous and had more tours in the states as well as overseas. His relationship also was stated to be affected by the drug use because he felt as if when having a girlfriend it would increase his use and distance from the drug use. He was also preoccupied with using drugs in the type of environment he was in such as not playing in the band. Anthony also had access to these drugs, people would drop off drugs to his hotel. He was dependent on heroin and coke when he was with Claire was at his peak, she was also an addict and he began to distance himself from the band and got introduced to white china which he claims made him feel amazing. Anthony constantly battles from withdrawal, he commits himself into rehab after Hillel passes and that is when he had the toughest withdrawal battle because of the amount of pain he felt. Throughout the whole book, Anthony used his pain to constantly bring him back into the cycle.

Sethe and her friends and family both witness and experience the atrocious institutionalized wrongs and unethical societal norms of slave culture. However, Sethe eventually escapes Sweet Home plantation, hoping to provide a better life for her and her children. She finds a home at 124 Bluestone Road with her mother-in-law, Baby Suggs. Like Sethe, Paul D escapes Sweet Home, but he subsequently suffers jail time and further mistreatment. Morrison explains how slavery destroyed Paul D’s ability to love and express himself, “Saying more might push them both to a place they couldn’t get back from. He would keep the rest where it belonged: in that tobacco tin buried in his chest where a red heart used to be. Its lid rusted shut” (Morrison 86). The metaphorical replacement of Paul D’s heart with a rusted tobacco tin illustrates how slavery removed a human quality from him, almost giving him attributes of a machine rather than a person. Slave owners, Mr. Garner and Schoolteacher, reduced Paul D to a worker without a heart. However, Paul D finds an escape from this with Sethe at

The representation of human consciousness and psyche is a rather problematic endeavour. Furthermore, the effects of traumatic events affect the memory of an individual and define the rest of his existence. The nuanced mindscapes and intricate memories have made a deep impact on the realm of literary theory to formulate an appropriate theoretical framework including both psychoanalysis and literature. Trauma theory is a contemporary innovation which analyses the deepest reflections of personal, historical, sexual and collective traumas of a community. The Very representation of trauma is ambiguous as it continuously question the credibility of a mind affected by trauma. In addition to this, the problem and politics associated with representation