Physical Science: Heat

The study of science is Physics. Physics means the natural science which involves the study of things made up atoms or matter, and along with related concepts such as energy and force. The experiment is Physics because we are using heat from the sun, and transferring the heat to the oven. So heat or thermal energy is the measure of the amount of energy that is contained in a material. Heat depends on how much of the material, which would be sunlight, you have: if you have twice the amount then normal of whatever you are testing, then you have to double the amount of heat you have. “Temperature is a measure of the ability of a substance, or more generally of any living or nonliving subject, to move the energy made of heat to another living or nonliving subject.” “But we need to remember that light slows down has it goes farther from the sun, and bends toward the normal and has a shorter wavelength when it enters a higher value medium (A substance that makes it possible for the energy to move to one location to another)”. “ Also a light wave is transverse (they can be polarized).”

bonds between H2O2, it is releasing energy in the form of heat which is reason for the warmth of

Heat: The amount of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in matter.

In 1 gram of ice, the addition of 20 calories of heat raises the temperature of the ice by 40 degrees Celsius, from -40 degrees Celsius to 0 degree Celsius. The temperature remains at 0 degree Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit) even though more heat is being added. The temperature of water does not change until 80 more calories of heat energy have been added. The latent heat of melting is the energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold water molecules rigidly in place in ice crystals. The temperature remains unchanged until all of the bonds are broken and the mixture of ice and water has changed completely to 1 gram of water.

Thermal energy is the total energy of the moving particles in a solid. Thermal energy from a hot stove is transferred to a metal pot and causes the water particles to move faster increasing the temperature of the water Changes of state: Changes from one state to a gas, liquid or solid. Example, you leave ice cream out in a hot summer day and it melts. Gravitational energy:

There are four basic components for thermal energy (heat): 1. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms. These can only be seen with special microscopes. 2. The atoms are always moving – they all have kinetic energy. 3. The particles have space between them. Different states of matter have different amounts of space. 4. Adding heat (energy) to matter makes the particles move more quickly. Since faster moving things have more kinetic energy, adding heat increases the energy of the particle. 5. Cooling it down decreases the amount of kinetic energy and slows the movement down.

The temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the reacting particles. The increase in temperature also changes the distribution of molecular kinetic energies.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in the object. Internal energy is the total energy of the particles in the object. It is not the same then, as it is possible to have objects at a high temperature with low internal energy (eg a spark) and another object at a low temperature but with high internal energy by virtue of its large size ( a bath of warm water) Energy will flow from the object with the highest AVERAGE internal energy to one with a lower average internal energy

Society is heavily reliant on fire. It provides warmth, lighting, and is used to prepare food. Fire allowed humans to move from the cave to the modern age. When it is used safely it is an invaluable tool but when it is abused or not used appropriately it destroys life and property. As society became more modern, so did the need for an organized fire department. Despite the best efforts from fire departments to educate the public about fire safety, the loss of life and property damage stills occurs to this day. When a fire occurs, fire departments suppress the fire and a fire investigator typically investigate the fire in order to attempt to determine the cause and origin. The investigator knows that fire dynamics is derived from the combined disciplines of physics, thermodynamics, chemistry, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics (Icove, DeHaan, & Haynes, 2013). They also must understand how a fires behavior is influenced by factors such as fuel loads, ventilation, and physical configuration of the room (Icove et al., 2013).

Warmth is measured in joules (J) or calories (cal.) and temperature is measured in degrees on the Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales. Warmth is a broad property, while temperature is a concentrated property. Warmth relies on upon mass or amount of the substance, though temperature does not rely on upon the amount of matter. For instance, if the bubbling temperature of water is 100°C, it will continue as before whether we bubble one liter or 50 liters of water. However, the measure of warmth produced when we bubble 1 liter of water is less when contrasted with warmth created when 50 liters of water is bubbled to

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a body. Temperature can be understood by recognizing that a hot object contains more thermal energy than a cold object. The amount of thermal energy in a substance is affected by the amount of particles that are in it. Temperature is independent of number of particles in

Heat is a form of energy that is transferred between two substances at different temperatures. The flow of the energy is from the object of higher temperature to the object of lower temperature. The heat is measured in units of energy, usually calories or joules. Temperature on the other hand, is how cold or hot an object is. The temperature is the average kinetic energy per molecule of a substance. This is measured in degrees on the Celsius or Fahrenheit or in Kelvins.

Purpose: To measure the heats of reaction for three related exothermic reactions and to verify Hess’s Law of Heat Summation.

There are no definite forms of energy since possibilities of new forms of energy are limitless. However, the various forms of energy in physical science include thermal, chemical, electric, radiant, nuclear, magnetic, elastic, sound, mechanical, and luminous energies (Foland 13). Thermal energy or heat is the energy in random motion of particles. Chemical energy refers to the energy from the aggregate of positioning of electrons and protons. Radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic radiation while nuclear energy and electric potential energy is energy emanating from nuclear fission and electrical processes respectively. Sound is a form of mechanical vibration, which propagates through any mechanical medium. It is closely related to the ability of the human ear to perceive noise.

Introduction: Every chemical change is accompanied by a change in energy usually in the form of heat. If heat is evolved, the reaction is exothermic, and if heat is absorbed, the reaction is endothermic. The energy change of a reaction that occurs at constant pressure is called the heat of reaction or the enthalpy of reaction (ΔHr). This quantity of heat is measured experimentally by allowing the reaction to occur in a calorimeter. In this experiment you will determine the heat of neutralization when an acid and a base react to form 1 mole of water. In a perfect calorimeter, heat is exchanged only between the reaction and the calorimeters water. Technically, some heat may may be absorbed the calorimeter. All calorimeters exchange some heat with its environment. This amount of heat is called the calorimeters heat capacity (the amount of of heat required to raise its temperature 1∘Celsius). We are going to “pretend” that our calorimeter is the perfect calorimeter.