Physical and psychological needs of a 3 year old child

When looking at children and young people’s development it is important to recognise and respond to concerns to ensure that the child or young person receives the help and assistance needed.

The needs, rights and views of the child are at the centre of all practice

There should be sufficient light for children to work without discomfort. Harsh lighting for long time should be avoided and day light should be used as much as possible. Noise levels should be considered and if there are any temporary causes for noise (maintenance work or other), children should be relocated to a suitable place, where they can work in quiet environment. The temperature of the rooms should be monitored to make sure it is not too cold or too hot. Fresh air should be provided by opening of windows and doors, making sure that this doesn’t create a safety risk.

When providing a healthy and safe environment both inside and outside the nursery, there are factors myself and other practitioners need to consider; individual children and any specific needs they may have, for example at my work place we a baby with Prader-Willi syndrome, a rare genetic condition that causes restricted growth, poor core muscle strength, learning difficulties, behavioural problems such as temper tantrums or stubbornness and a permanent feeling of hunger which will start between the age of 2 and 8 years old. The practitioners who work with the baby must always consider

*Physical development: At the ages of 3 and 4, a child will learn to jump, tiptoe, go up and down stairs, catch, climb and throw, paint, thread beads, use scissors, draw people and houses.

Washing hands before touching food is very important as you get rid of any bacteria or dirt which could be harmful towards the child. Every staff member should be CRB checked. This makes sure they have no criminal history. And that they are safe to work with children. An admissions policy is also important almost settings operate on a ‘first come first served basis’ which means who ever applies first get a place first.

The theory which contributes to the theme is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which talks about “a positive environment and positive relationships are an important part of supporting every child or young person’s needs”, Taylor Et al, (2012:p13). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is most often displayed as a pyramid. As people progress up the pyramid, needs become increasingly psychological and social. Maslow talks about children’s safety needs and how they need to feel security. “Maslow placed a real importance on ensuring that children have their basic needs met before they can learn”, Taylor Et al, (2012; p40). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, is relevant to safeguarding the health, safety and well-being of children and young people as, safety needs

A two year assessment is carried out between the ages of two and three. Parents/carers/guardians are provided with a short written summary of the child’s development in the prime areas. Within the progress

Montessori’s teaching approach aims to develop all aspects of the child mentally and socially (Pound, 2012). Montessori cautioned teachers to remember that children need to be allowed to do basic tasks to learn for themselves (Mooney, 2000, p.28). The role of the teacher in a Montessori setting is mainly observation of the child, encouragement, preparation of the environment, leadership, fostering the child’s independence (Mooney, 2000, p.29), and keeping a complex and delicate balance between each role. (Miller, 2010, p.79). Both theorists acknowledged that children learn best by doing and through repetition of tasks (Mooney, 2000, p.29). Large blocks of time for free work and play, should be scheduled as this was part of the Montessori legacy, this can also be seen in Steiner settings. (Pound, 2012). The teacher should also give children responsibility for keeping the setting space clean and tidy and allow the children to structure their own play. (Mooney, 2000, p.29). Steiner’s role of the teacher is comparable. Steiner wanted to create an education which gave children ‘clarity of thought, sensitivity of feeling and strength of will’ (Pound 2012, p28). Like Montessori the role of the teacher is all about observation, the teacher needs to be both interested and observational of the child’s basic needs to fully develop the child both

Early years require sponge flooring in the play area outside to prevent injury that you would receive from concrete areas. The equipment that the teacher uses needs to be safe. For example, when reaching up high in the classroom to do a display an elephant’s foot or stepladder should be used as opposed to standing on a chair or table. When using equipment for physical activity (PE) safety mats for climbing frames, the beam, etc. must be in place.

There are many factors that influence the wellbeing of children and young people. Some of these are evident in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

Because of research Physical development is part of the three prime areas of learning in the EYFS, joining Communication and Language and Personal, Social and Emotional Development, these three areas are particularly important for the learning development of the under threes, this will Secure the foundations for future success in all aspects of their life and learning. Early year’s providers and practitioners are required to enable their environments to ensure that they are giving the children quality experiences and resources to allow them to naturally learn and develop the physical skills necessary to support them throughout their lives. At our nursery we follow the EYFS guidelines which give us the approximate age and what the child should be able to do or aiming towards and what us, as practitioners should be supporting the child to achieve or help them to move on to the next stage. Providing Physical play experiences for the children such as books to explore, messy play, painting, climbing equipment and balls and other equipment to throw, kick and catch will give the children opportunities for moving and handling.

‘’We are moulded by and re-moulded by those who have loved us; and though the love may pass, we are nevertheless their work for good or ill’’ ( Francois Mairlac) 1. Explain the sequence of development that would normally be expected in children and young people from birth to -19 years.Children have certain basic, physical and psychological needs and if these needs are not met then growth psychological developmental will be distorted in many ways. Everyone needs shelter, food, water, warmth and not to mention grooming and hygiene, activities which are laid down in Maslow’s hierarchy of basic need. If they are neglected or unfulfilled then this will have

having a safe environment that has been risk assessed and is relevant to the age and stage of the child

Montessori found out that independence is necessary to the child's normal development. The child uses his independence to listen to his inner guide for actions that can be useful to him and one who is served is actually limited in his independence. It is well said that "we habitually serve children; and this is not only an act of servility towards them but it is dangerous, since it tends to suffocate their useful, spontaneous activity." (Course manual P.40).