Physics Of Cylinder Pressure During 4 Engine Speed

Figs. 5(b) and (c) show the CO and THC emissions from the combustion of the four fuels under different BMEPs. The CO emissions from the combustion of all the four fuels decreased gradually with increasing BMEP. Under a small BMEP, the combustion temperature was generally low, and the CO emissions mainly came from the combustion in the cylinder low-temperature regions [43]; as the BMEP increased, the in-cylinder temperature increased and the CO emissions decreased. It can also be observed that CO emissions increased after the addition of n-butanol to pure diesel. This happens because n-butanol has a low cetane number and shows poor combustibility, and a larger portion of over-thin gas mixture was formed before the combustion, thus the combustion

Diesel has a mark as traditional hydrocarbon structure as conventional fuels. H2O2 freshly reported as fuel combustion enhancer and to be a low-emission high-quality oxidizer. Consequently, this article discusses the influence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) combination with diesel in different percentages for combustion and COx, SOx and NOx emissions. A comparative study will be carried out to analyze the effect on direct insertion of H2O2 into the

gasoline and is therefore comparable to that of coal. Ethanol also has excellent anti-knock qualities due to its high octane number and a high latent heat of evaporation, which makes the temperature of the intake manifold lower. In addition to the effect of latent heat of evaporation, the difference in combustion products compared with gasoline further decreases combustion temperature, thereby reducing cooling heat loss. Reductions in CO2, nitrogen oxide (NOx), and total hydrocarbons (THC) combustion products for ethanol vs. gasoline are described.

After gasoline is refined, some chemicals are added. Some of the chemicals that are added are anti-knock compounds. Usually these compounds react quickly to the chemicals in the gasoline that burn quickly so that it could prevent “engine knock”. After this other additives are added to prevent the formation of a gum type of congestion in the engine. The gum is more of a resin that is formed in gasoline that can coat the internal parts of the engine and increase wear.

The history of the high pressure oil pump, head studs and intake system. A high pressure oil pump helps with the fuel and oil and helps get better millage the high pressure helps make more horsepower the intake system lets air flow with out pulling a lot of power out of the motor and it also helps make or power and better fuel The head studs help head gaskets failures and keeps the head from lifting at high combustion pressures the air dog system removes air from the fuel

The diesel engine was originally designed to be used in commercial areas, but times have since changed from its invention in 1893. (Jääskeläinen, 2013) In modern times, more and more car manufacturers are using diesel engines in not only trucks, but also cars. Since there have been improvements in the automotive field, and a drop in the fuel prices, more people are turning to diesel powered engines, even in smaller vehicles. Diesel releases fewer pollutants and produces a higher fuel economy, more power is harvested from diesel fuel, and the performance of diesel engines is higher than its competitor.

In the condition of the fuel injection timing θinj=-5deg.CA ATDC, the maximum value of the heat release rate tended to increase slightly as the dissolved pressure increased. In addition, the inclination of the cumulative heat release amount showed a tendency to increase. This promotes atomization of the fuel spray by the effervescent effect of CO2 gas, and a lean and uniform mixture is formed at an early stage. Therefore, it is considered that the combustion has progressed

Diesel and gasoline engines have been each other’s competition since the 1930’s when the first diesel run car was produced. There is one main mechanical difference between these two engines; a gasoline engine ignites the gasoline with spark plugs, a lighter of sorts, and the diesel engine ignites the diesel by compressing it so much that it spontaneously combusts. Although there are a few other types of engines now, such as hybrid or electric, diesel is still superior to these.

There are mechanical and fundamental differences between the two-stroke and four-stroke engines but the physics remain the same. They both rely upon the compressed air to ignite the pressurized fuel and the resulting expansion for their power. At first glance it may look like the explosion in the chamber does the work but upon further inspection you can see the physics involved. There are two questions I would like to address. The first question is what is the physics behind the compressed air raising the temperature upwards of 900 degrees. The second question is what is the physics behind the rapid expansion of the ignited air fuel mixture.

Bio alcohols have a number of benefits: (1) high oxygen content, high stoichiometric air–fuel ratio and high hydrogen–carbon ratio. These benefits resulted in completing the combustion and emitting less emissions [87]; (2) high laminar flame propagation speed, which may com-plete the combustion process earlier resulting in improved thermal efficiency of the engine [88]; and ignition propensity (i.e., knock resistance, octane rating) of alcohols which is perhaps their most attractive feature for internal combustion engine applications, especially of SI engines. A higher octane rating correlates with a lower propensity for ignition and allows the SI engines to operate at a higher compression ratio without knocking [89]. Therefore, these benefits of alco-hol, especially (ethanol and butanol) have encouraged researchers to use it as an additive blend of gasoline [3, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97] and diesel [3, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117].

“Methanol,” frequently termed as wood energy is consumed as substitute energy. Such supple-energy automobiles can utilize M85 type of ‘methanol.’ This is a blend of eighty-five out of a hundred of methanol and about fifteen out of a hundred petrol. The other substitute energy is biofuel, which is based on vegetable oils or animal fats. It may also be produced from recycled oils from restaurants after being used for cooking. This calls for engine conversion so that they can burn biodiesel in its pure state (Adrian, 2007). ‘Biodiesel’ can be blended with petrol-diesel and get utilized in original locomotives. It is decomposable, and decreases contaminants (‘particulate’ substance, ‘carbon monoxide,’ and ‘hydrocarbons’) associated with the use of fossil fuels in vehicles. ‘Propane’ can also be used as substitute energy and it is a byproduct of “natural gas.” It is more consumed as energy for cooking and heating and it automobiles it produces fewer emissions than gasoline. Another substitute energy is hydrogen which is mixed with ‘natural gas’ to create substitute energy for vehicles designed with interior incineration locomotive capacities.

Diesel fuel is a mixture of alkane hydrocarbons (a compound containing hydrogen and carbon). These hydrocarbons are saturated, essentially meaning the fuel has a low density – this is important so that the vehicle using such fuel can operate efficiently (Energy Information Administration, 2013). Furthermore, alkanes are extremely combustible, ensuring sufficient burning of the diesel (Nave, R.). After observing these characteristics of diesel, it became essential to prove that alcohols too had properties similar to these (despite sources supporting the change from diesel to a combination of diesel and alcohol). Alcohols do have equivalent hydrocarbons (Chemical Industry, 2015). The alcohol molecule too contains oxygen contributing greatly to the act of combustion (Natural Resources and Environment Department). This property, together with its saturated nature

In our world today diesel engines have become a substantial part of the society, being used in buses, trucks, locomotives, tractors, and so on. Scientist has been seeking ways of improving the efficiency of diesel engines by developing and testing alternative fuels. Recent studies explore the use of diesohol as a substitute to diesel. Diesohol are classified as “a mixture of diesel fuel and anhydrous alcohol blended using a chemical emulsifier,” (Environmental Protection Agency, 2003).However a major concern regarding diesohol is both alcohols and diesel have dissimilar physical and chemical properties. Alcohols due to it being an oxygenate proved to burn cleanly and easily, and produce decreased amount of soot and harmful emissions (Mithun Mohan,2015) .It is estimated its combustion is around 3000 kJ/kg (The Engineering ToolBox, Unknown),(Mitun Mohan,2015).The chemical equation for the combustion of alcohols :

The ever increasing carbon emissions from the automobiles all around the world has forced the incorporation of novel , more sustainable means of non-conventional fuels for the automobiles like the hybrid cars , solar vehicles , the use of gasohol and alcohol based fuels is also considered as an alternative for the conventional fuels and also the development of solar electric hybrid vehicle. There are a lot of possibilities and feasible solutions for lowering the carbon emissions from vehicles.

For gasoline and gasoline blended ethanol and methanol, the variation of brake thermal efficiency with Load was shown in Fig 8.1 and 8.2. It indicates the variation in brake thermal efficiency with Load. Brake thermal efficiency of basic engine and bimetallic piston engine was found to be comparable for gasoline and gasoline blended ethanol and methanol. At 880W load brake thermal efficiency of 18.9% was obtained for gasoline with basic engine whereas it was 21.38% and 20.2% using ethanol blended gasoline E20 and methanol blended gasoline M20 with basic engine respectively. At 880W load brake thermal efficiency of 20.19% was obtained for gasoline with bimetallic piston engine whereas it was 25.86% and 23.4% using ethanol blended gasoline E20 and methanol blended gasoline M20 with bimetallic piston engine respectively. Brake thermal efficiency of bimetallic piston at E20 was maximum for different loads when compared with gasoline, Brake thermal efficiency of Basic engine at E20 was maximum for different loads when compared with gasoline. Ethanol blended gasoline produces higher brake thermal efficiency compare with methanol blended gasoline and pure gasoline due to stoichiometric air requirement of ethanol blended gasoline is high compare with methanol blended gasoline and pure gasoline. Methanol blended gasoline air requirement is less and calorific value